High incidence of nephrocalcinosis in extremely preterm infants treated with dexamethasone.

Background: The use of postnatal corticosteroids to treat or prevent chronic lung disease is common in very preterm infants. Medullary nephrocalcinosis has been noted as a possible side effect.

Objective: This prospective study was designed to assess the incidence of nephrocalcinosis in extremely preterm infants exposed to dexamethasone.