Evaluation of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytopathology in Salivary Gland Tumors under Milan System: Challenges, Misdiagnosis Rates, and Clinical Recommendations.

(1) Background: Salivary gland tumors are rare in the head and neck. To determine the need and extent of surgical intervention, fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a widely accepted tool to approach salivary gland lesions. However, the FNA cytology varies between entities, while the lack of uniform terminology makes diagnosis more challenging.

Study protocol: How does cognitive flexibility relate to other executive functions and learning in healthy young adults?

Background: Cognitive flexibility (CF) enables individuals to readily shift from one concept or mode of practice/thoughts to another in response to changes in the environment and feedback, making CF vital to optimise success in obtaining goals. However, how CF relates to other executive functions (e.g.

The Additive Effectiveness of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Glottic Closure and Subjective Voice Outcomes of Patients With Benign Lesion After Hyaluronic Acid Laryngoplasty.

Objectives: For patients with glottic insufficiency disease, injection laryngoplasty is a rapid and efficient management option that complements voice therapy. Some studies have indicated that respiratory muscle training may also show promise in patients with voice disorders. However, the effect of respiratory muscle training in patients with glottic insufficiency was reported to be limited, and whether it provides additional benefit after standard management requires further evaluation.

Effectiveness of Positioning in Unconscious Adults During Nasogastric Intubation on Correct Placement and Intubation Time: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Nasogastric intubation is a common procedure in hospitals that causes adverse outcomes if performed incorrectly. There is currently insufficient guidance for patient positioning, which increases the success of nasogastric intubation at the bedside. Therefore, a systematic review with a meta-analysis was performed to determine the effectiveness of changing an unconscious adults' positions compared with the supine position to improve the correct placement of a nasogastric tube, intubation time, and complications.

Relationship Between Pharyngeal Residues Assessed by Bolus Residue Scale or Normalized Residue Ratio SCALE and Risk of Aspiration in Head and Neck Cancer Who Underwent Videofluoroscopy.

Dysphagia affects 60-75% of patients treated for head and neck cancer (HNC). We aimed to evaluate the association between residue severity and airway invasion severity using a videofluoroscopic swallowing study and identify risk factors for poor penetration-aspiration outcomes in patients with dysphagia treated for HNC. Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) was used to assess airway invasion severity, while residue severity was assessed using both the Bolus Residue Scale (BRS) for residue location and the Normalized Residue Ratio Scale (NRRS) for residue amount.

Evaluation of Objective and Subjective Swallowing Outcomes in Patients with Dysphagia Treated for Head and Neck Cancer.

We evaluated objective and subjective swallowing function outcomes in patients with dysphagia treated for head and neck cancer (HNC) and identified risk factors for poor swallowing outcomes. Patients undergoing videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSS) between January 2016 and March 2021 were divided into four groups according to primary tumor sites; post-treatment dysphagia was assessed. The penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) and bolus residue scale (BRS) were used to objectively assess swallowing function through VFSS.

A Transcanal Endoscopic Approach for Management of Pulsatile Tinnitus due to High-Riding Dehiscent Jugular Bulb.

Pulsatile tinnitus (PT) caused by a high-riding dehiscence jugular bulb (HDJB) is a rare but treatable otology disease. There are several managements include transcatheter endovascular coil embolization, transvenous stent-assisted coil embolization, or resurfacing the dehiscent bony wall of high jugular bulb under the use of microscope. Among those options, surgical resurfacing of HDJB might be an effective and safe choice with less destruction.

Emergency medicine airway leads: a rapid response distributed educational model for emergency department COVID-19 airway management.

With the first case of COVID-19 confirmed in Canada in early 2020, our country joined in the fight against a novel pathogen in a global pandemic. The stress of uncertainty and practice change was most apparent in the emergency department when it came to managing known or suspected COVID-19 patients requiring airway management. Recognizing the need for a coordinated approach, a province wide rapid response distributed model of continuing professional development for airway management was developed utilizing Airway Leads to help prepare front-line medical personnel providing airway management for these patients.

Dual Inhibition of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase and Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase p110 as a Therapeutic Approach to Treat Non-Hodgkin's B Cell Malignancies.

Although new targeted therapies, such as ibrutinib and idelalisib, have made a large impact on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients, the disease is often fatal because patients are initially resistant to these targeted therapies, or because they eventually develop resistance. New drugs and treatments are necessary for these patients. One attractive approach is to inhibit multiple parallel pathways that drive the growth of these hematologic tumors, possibly prolonging the duration of the response and reducing resistance.

Problem-solving for STEM learning: navigating games as narrativized problem spaces for 21 century competencies.

Identifying educational competencies for the 21 workplace is driven by the need to mitigate disparities between classroom learning and the requirements of workplace environments. Multiple descriptors of desired 21 century skill sets have been identified through various wide-scale studies (e.g.

Targeting prostate cancer with compounds possessing dual activity as androgen receptor antagonists and HDAC6 inhibitors.

While enzalutamide and abiraterone are approved for treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), approximately 20-40% of patients have no response to these agents. It has been stipulated that the lack of response and the development of secondary resistance to these drugs may be due to the presence of AR splice variants. HDAC6 has a role in regulating the androgen receptor (AR) by modulating heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) acetylation, which controls the nuclear localization and activation of the AR in androgen-dependent and independent scenarios.

Temozolomide analogs with improved brain/plasma ratios - Exploring the possibility of enhancing the therapeutic index of temozolomide.

Temozolomide is a chemotherapeutic agent that is used in the treatment of glioblastoma and other malignant gliomas. It acts through DNA alkylation, but treatment is limited by its systemic toxicity and neutralization of DNA alkylation by upregulation of the O-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene. Both of these limiting factors can be addressed by achieving higher concentrations of TMZ in the brain.

Oligomerization of the response regulator ComE from Streptococcus mutans is affected by phosphorylation.

We have previously characterized the interactions of the response regulator ComE from Streptococcus mutans and DNA binding sites through DNase I footprinting and electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis. Since response regulator functions are often affected by their phosphorylation state, we investigated how phosphorylation affects the biochemical function of ComE. Unlike many response regulators, we found that the phosphorylation state of ComE does not likely play a role in DNA binding affinity but rather seems to induce the formation of an oligomeric form of the protein.

Characterization of DNA binding sites of the ComE response regulator from Streptococcus mutans.

In Streptococcus mutans, both competence and bacteriocin production are controlled by ComC and the ComED two-component signal transduction system. Recent studies of S. mutans suggested that purified ComE binds to two 11-bp direct repeats in the nlmC-comC promoter region, where ComE activates nlmC and represses comC.

Sonographic measurements of the thickness of the soft tissues of the interscapular region in a population of normal young adults.

Background: To use sonography (US) to measure the interscapular soft-tissue thickness and to determine any correlation with anthropometric indices.

Methods: Fifty-five healthy young adults (21 men and 34 women) with a mean age of 22.1 ± 3.

Antitumour activity of MDV3100 in castration-resistant prostate cancer: a phase 1-2 study.

Background: MDV3100 is an androgen-receptor antagonist that blocks androgens from binding to the androgen receptor and prevents nuclear translocation and co-activator recruitment of the ligand-receptor complex. It also induces tumour cell apoptosis, and has no agonist activity. Because growth of castration-resistant prostate cancer is dependent on continued androgen-receptor signalling, we assessed the antitumour activity and safety of MDV3100 in men with this disease.