Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships, empathy and patient centredness: A prospective cohort study.

Purpose: Ethical erosion literature describes medical students' patient centredness and empathy declines through their clinical years of training. Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships (LICs), an alternate clinical educational design, have been hypothesised to reduce ethical erosion. The authors aimed to measure change in medical students' patient centredness and empathy at an institution with the largest LIC worldwide.

Formed in context: A mixed-methods study of medical students' mindsets in an Eastern culture.

Introduction: Mindsets have become an important focus in the fields of social and cognitive psychology. When holding a growth mindset, people appear more likely to engage in hard work and effort to foster success, seeing setbacks as necessary for learning. When holding a fixed mindset, in contrast, people tend to believe success comes from innate ability, seeing setbacks as evidence of inability.

Incorporation of Trauma-Informed Care Into Entrustable Professional Activities for Medical Student Assessment.

Problem: Trauma-informed care (TIC) provides a medical framework for addressing and mitigating the negative consequences of trauma. In response to student and faculty advocacy, medical schools are developing trauma-informed curricular content. However, medical education literature does not present a comprehensive assessment rubric to evaluate medical students' acquisition of trauma-informed clinical skills.

Probing the Molecular and Macroscopic Structure of Solid Solutions by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) Enhanced C and N Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy.

Crystallization is a widely used purification technique in the manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and precursor molecules. However, when impurities and desired compounds have similar molecular structures, separation by crystallization may become challenging. In such cases, some impurities may form crystalline solid solutions with the desired product during recrystallization.

Development of Ternary Amorphous Solid Dispersions Manufactured by Hot-Melt Extrusion and Spray-Drying─Comparison of and Performance.

Producing amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) by hot-melt extrusion (HME) is favorable from an economic and ecological perspective but also limited to thermostable active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). A potential technology shift from spray-drying to hot-melt extrusion at later stages of drug product development is a desirable goal, however bearing the risk of insufficient comparability of the and performance of the final dosage form. Hot-melt extrusion was performed using API/polymer/surfactant mixtures with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) as the polymer and evaluated regarding the extrudability of binary and ternary amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs).

Correlation between coronavirus conspiracism and antisemitism: a cross-sectional study in the United Kingdom.

This article presents the findings of a survey of UK-resident adults ([Formula: see text] = 1790) carried out in December 2021 and designed to test for a relationship between antisemitism and coronavirus conspiracism. Antisemitism was measured using the Generalised Antisemitism (GeAs) scale, and coronavirus conspiracism was measured using a version of the Flexible Inventory of Conspiracy Suspicions (FICS). Hypotheses and methodology were pre-registered, and all data and code are open.

Psychological safety and accountability in longitudinal integrated clerkships: a dual institution qualitative study.

Background: Psychological safety and accountability are frameworks to describe relationships in the workplace. Psychological safety is a shared belief by members of a team that it is safe to take interpersonal risks. Accountability refers to being challenged and expected to meet expectations and goals.

Preliminary Workforce Outcomes of an Urban Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship.

Purpose: The authors examined whether students participating in an urban longitudinal integrated clerkship (LIC) with a curriculum focused on care for underserved populations have a sustained commitment to urban underserved care through residency training and into practice.

Method: This mixed-methods study collected data from medical student application essays to the Denver Health LIC (DH-LIC), end-of-course surveys, residency match outcomes, and postgraduation surveys annually for academic years 2014 to 2022. The authors analyzed students' responses to the surveys on interest in working with underserved patients, understanding the rewards and challenges of working in safety net institutions, working in the community to improve health, and working at DH.

Applying self-determination theory to stem medical schools' clinical teacher sustainability crisis.

The Problem: Medical schools require highly skilled and committed clinical faculty to teach, assess, supervise and mentor students' clinical care. Medical education is facing a crisis in recruiting and sustaining these clinical teachers. Faced with multiple demands and responsibilities in fast-paced clinical environments, teachers may not have the time, resources or stamina to sustain these critical roles.

An exploratory study of goal orientations of traditional block and longitudinal integrated clerkship students.

Background: Achievement goal theory links goal setting, motivation, and learning and describes three orientations: 'mastery' (seeking learning), 'performance' (seeking positive judgments), and 'performance-avoidance' (avoiding negative judgments). Mastery orientation is considered most adaptive. The authors investigated goal orientations of traditional block clerkship (TBC) and longitudinal integrated clerkship (LIC) students.

Facilitating Shared Decision Making Among Black Patients at Risk for Sudden Cardiac Arrest : A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Racial disparities in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation are multifactorial and are partly explained by higher refusal rates.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a video decision support tool for Black patients eligible for an ICD.

Design: Multicenter, randomized clinical trial conducted between September 2016 and April 2020.

Patient outcomes in a Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship: A systematic literature review.

Context: Patient-student relationships are at the heart of Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships (LICs). Outcomes for students and preceptors are beneficial, but patient outcomes remain unclear. This systematic literature review explored the current evidence base of patient outcomes in an LIC.

Hydrates of active pharmaceutical ingredients: A Cl and H solid-state NMR and DFT study.

This study uses Cl and H solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectroscopy and dispersion-corrected plane-wave density functional theory (DFT) calculations to characterize the molecular-level structures and dynamics of hydrates of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). We use Cl SSNMR to measure the EFG tensors of the chloride ions to characterize hydrated forms of hydrochloride salts of APIs, along with two corresponding anhydrous forms. DFT calculations are used to refine the crystal structures of the APIs and determine relationships between the Cl EFG tensors and the spatial arrangements of proximate hydrogen bonds, which are particularly influenced by interactions with water molecules.

Faculty perspectives on facilitating medical students' longitudinal learning: A mixed-methods study.

Introduction: Medical students' longitudinal care of patients supports clinical learning and promotes patient-centredness. The literature presents little empirically derived guidance for faculty to facilitate students' longitudinal learning and care. Informed by the conceptual framework of relational learning, this study investigated faculty perspectives about longitudinal teaching, their strategies for facilitating students' longitudinal learning and perceived barriers and enablers.

Enhancing the one-minute preceptor method for clinical teaching with a DEFT approach.

Few validated methods that are grounded in educational theory exist to effectively teach medical knowledge, clinical skills, and diagnostic reasoning to learners at different stages of medical training. The goal of this Perspective was to address potential gaps in clinical education pedagogy by modeling new concepts for teaching in the field of infectious diseases. Our approach involved synthesizing the relevant literature, identifying proven approaches, and enhancing an existing educational microskills model - the one-minute preceptor.

Prospective evaluation of health status, quality of life and clinical outcomes following implantable defibrillator generator exchange.

Background: Little is known about health status and quality of life (QoL) after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) generator exchange (GE).

Methods: We prospectively followed patients undergoing first-time ICD GE. Serial assessments of health status were performed by administering the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36).

A Trauma-Informed Approach to the Medical History: Teaching Trauma-Informed Communication Skills to First-Year Medical and Dental Students.

Introduction: Trauma is ubiquitous and associated with negative effects on physical and mental health. Trauma-informed care (TIC) is a framework for mitigating these health effects and improving patients' engagement with medical care. Despite these clinical benefits, TIC is not routinely taught in undergraduate medical education.

Coproducing clinical curricula in undergraduate medical education: Student and faculty experiences in longitudinal integrated clerkships.

Purpose: Educational coproduction, in which learners partner with educators to create and improve their educational experiences, can facilitate student-centered medical education. Empirical descriptions of best practices for involving students in clinical curricular coproduction are needed. We aimed to understand faculty and student perspectives on methods, perceived benefits, and common barriers and solutions to clinical curricular coproduction.

Patient perceptions of students in a longitudinal integrated clerkship in Taiwan: a qualitative study.

Background: Longitudinal integrated clerkships (LICs) are a model of clinical education growing rapidly in Western contexts. LICs use educational continuity to benefits students' clinical learning and professional identity formation. Patient-centered care is a core component of medical professionalism in the West.

Everyday Resilience: Equipping Faculty With Practical Exercises to Promote Resilience Among Medical Students.

Introduction: Burnout is prevalent in health care. As professionals advocate to increase resilience training as a strategy to reduce burnout, few examples exist of practical resilience programs that equip faculty to help students build and sustain well-being over time.

Method: We developed two straightforward, skills-based resilience exercises.