Refinement and Validation of the Minimal Information Data-Modelling (MID) Method for Bridge Management.

Various approaches have been proposed for bridge structural health monitoring. One of the earliest approaches proposed was tracking a bridge's natural frequency over time to look for abnormal shifts in frequency that might indicate a change in stiffness. However, bridge frequencies change naturally as the structure's temperature changes.

Condition Monitoring of Railway Bridges Using Vehicle Pitch to Detect Scour.

This study proposes the new condition monitoring concept of using features in the measured rotation, or 'pitch' signal, of a crossing vehicle as an indicator of the presence of foundation scour in a bridge. The concept is explored through two-dimensional vehicle-bridge interaction modelling, with a reduction in stiffness under a pier used to represent the effects of scour. A train consisting of three 10-degree-of-freedom carriages cross the model on a profiled train track, each train varying slightly in terms of mass and velocity.

Minimal Information Data-Modelling (MID) and an Easily Implementable Low-Cost SHM System for Use on a Short-Span Bridge.

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is a technique that involves gathering information to ensure that a structure is safe and behaving as expected. Within SHM, vibration-based monitoring is generally seen as one of the more cost-effective types of monitoring. However, vibration-based monitoring has mostly been undertaken on long-span bridges using data collected with a dense network of sensors.

Detecting Vehicle Loading Events in Bridge Rotation Data Measured with Multi-Axial Accelerometers.

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is critical in the observation and analysis of our national infrastructure of bridges. Due to the ease of measuring bridge rotation, bridge SHM using rotation measurements is becoming more popular, as even a single DC accelerometer placed at each end of span can accurately capture bridge deformations. Event detection methods for SHM typically entail additional instrumentation, such as strain gauges or continuously recording video cameras, and thus the additional cost limits their utility in resource-constrained environments and for wider deployment.

Assessing Landscape Change and Processes of Recurrence, Replacement, and Recovery in the Southeastern Coastal Plains, USA.

The processes of landscape change are complex, exhibiting spatial variability as well as linear, cyclical, and reversible characteristics. To better understand the various processes that cause transformation, a data aggregation, validation, and attribution approach was developed and applied to an analysis of the Southeastern Coastal Plains (SECP). The approach integrates information from available national land-use, natural disturbance, and land-cover data to efficiently assess spatially-specific changes and causes.

Intersex(es) and informed consent: how physicians' rhetoric constrains choice.

When a child is born with ambiguous genitalia it is declared a psychosocial emergency, and the policy first proposed by John Money (Johns Hopkins University) and adapted by the American Academy of Pediatrics (and more broadly accepted in Canada, the U.K., and Europe) requires determination of underlying condition(s), selection of gender, surgical intervention, and a commitment by all parties to accept the "real sex" of the patient, all no later than 18-24 months, preferably earlier.