Climate change is poised to alter mountain stream ecosystem processes via organismal phenological shifts.

Climate change is affecting the phenology of organisms and ecosystem processes across a wide range of environments. However, the links between organismal and ecosystem process change in complex communities remain uncertain. In snow-dominated watersheds, snowmelt in the spring and early summer, followed by a long low-flow period, characterizes the natural flow regime of streams and rivers.

Tricuspid surgery at time of mitral surgery improves survival free from severe tricuspid regurgitation but not quality of life.

Objective: The choice to operate on moderate tricuspid regurgitation (TR) during mitral surgery is challenging owing to limited mid-term data. We assess whether concomitant tricuspid operations improve mid-term quality of life, morbidity, or mortality.

Methods: An institutional database identified mitral surgery recipients with moderate TR at the time of surgery from 2010 to 2019.

Center Volume Predicts Improved Early Outcomes in Multiorgan Heart Transplantation.

Purpose: Center volume is associated with improved survival after isolated heart transplant, but its impact on multiorgan heart transplant (MHT) outcomes is unknown. This study examines the impact of institutional MHT volume on MHT outcomes.

Methods: Adult patients undergoing first time MHT from 2011 to 2021 were identified in the United Network for Organ Sharing database.

Emerging Racial Differences in Heart Transplant Waitlist Outcomes for Patients on Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support.

Temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) is increasingly used for patients awaiting heart transplantation. Although examples of systemic inequity in cardiac care have been described, biases in tMCS use are not well characterized. This study explores the racial disparities in tMCS use and waitlist outcomes.

Prosthesis Choice in Dialysis Patients Undergoing Mitral Valve Replacement.

Background: Patients with renal disease on dialysis have significant comorbidity limiting life expectancy; however, these patients may experience accelerated prosthetic valve degeneration. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of prosthesis choice on outcomes in dialysis patients undergoing mitral valve replacement (MVR) at our high-volume academic center.

Methods: Adults undergoing MVR were retrospectively reviewed between January 2002 and November 2019.

Extended criteria donor organ use for heart-lung transplantation in the modern era.

Background: Demand for donor hearts and lungs exceeds their supply. Extended Criteria Donor (ECD) organs are used to help meet this demand, but their impact on heart-lung transplantation outcomes is poorly characterized.

Methods And Results: The United Network for Organ Sharing was queried for data on adult heart-lung transplantation recipients (n = 447) from 2005‒2021.

Heart-kidney transplant versus heart transplant in the obese: a propensity-matched analysis.

Objectives: The decision to perform simultaneous heart-kidney transplant (HKT) rather than isolated heart transplant (IHT) for patients with advanced kidney disease is challenging. Limited data exist to guide this decision in obese patients. We sought to compare mortality after HKT and IHT in obese patients with non-dialysis-dependent kidney disease.

Antithrombotic therapy for durable left ventricular assist devices - current strategies and future directions.

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) improve survival and quality of life for patients with advanced heart failure but are associated with high rates of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications. Antithrombotic therapy is required following LVAD implantation, though practices vary. Identifying a therapeutic strategy that minimizes the risks of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications is critical to optimizing patient outcomes and is an area of active investigation.

Waitlist Trends in Heart-Liver Transplantation With Updated US Heart Allocation System.

Background: In October 2018, the United States implemented a change in the donor heart allocation policy from a three-tiered to a six-tiered status system. The purpose of the current study was to examine changes in waitlist patterns among patients listed for concomitant heart-liver transplantation with implementation of the new allocation system.

Methods: Patients listed for heart-liver transplantation between January 1, 2012, and June 30, 2021, were identified from the United Network for Organ Sharing database.

Failure to rescue: obesity increases the risk of mortality following early graft failure in heart transplantation in UNOS database patients.

Objectives: Early graft failure (EGF) is a devastating postoperative complication following heart transplant. Institutional studies have modelled donor and recipient risk factors predictive of graft failure. To date, no studies have assessed specific recipient profiles associated with mortality after recipients suffer from EGF.

Rock glaciers and related cold rocky landforms: Overlooked climate refugia for mountain biodiversity.

Mountains are global biodiversity hotspots where cold environments and their associated ecological communities are threatened by climate warming. Considerable research attention has been devoted to understanding the ecological effects of alpine glacier and snowfield recession. However, much less attention has been given to identifying climate refugia in mountain ecosystems where present-day environmental conditions will be maintained, at least in the near-term, as other habitats change.

Long-term effects and recovery of streams from acid mine drainage and evaluation of toxic metal threshold ranges for macroinvertebrate community reassembly.

Monitoring of benthic invertebrates in streams receiving acidic metal-contaminated water over an 18-yr period revealed both degraded conditions and recovery along a network of downstream locations. Compared with reference streams, and over the course of clean-up remediation efforts below an abandoned open-pit sulfur mine in the central Sierra Nevada of California, improving water quality was accompanied by recovery of benthic communities at some sites. Years of high flow resulted in degraded biological status when acid mine drainage capture was incomplete and metal loading had increased with runoff.

Sofosbuvir, a nucleotide polymerase inhibitor, for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection.

Introduction: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is ubiquitous, affecting approximately 180 million individuals worldwide and around 3.2 million in the United States. While peginterferon and ribavirin alone continue to be used, the treatment landscape for patients with genotype 1 has recently changed to include one of two protease inhibitors: boceprevir and telaprevir.

Cdc34p ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme is a component of the tombusvirus replicase complex and ubiquitinates p33 replication protein.

To identify host proteins interacting with Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) replication proteins in a genome-wide scale, we have used a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) proteome microarray carrying 4,088 purified proteins. This approach led to the identification of 58 yeast proteins that interacted with p33 replication protein. The identified host proteins included protein chaperones, ubiquitin-associated proteins, translation factors, RNA-modifying enzymes, and other proteins with yet-unknown functions.

Innate immune responses and control of acute simian immunodeficiency virus replication in the central nervous system.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) can invade the central nervous system (CNS) during acute infection but virus replication is apparently controlled because clinical and pathological manifestations of CNS disease in HIV/SIV-infected individuals usually present later in infection, coincident with immunosuppression and acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Using an established SIV/macaque model of HIV dementia, the authors recently demonstrated that acute virus replication is down-regulated (to undetectable viral RNA levels) in the brain, but not the periphery, as early as 21 days post inoculation (p.i.

Visna virus-induced activation of MAPK is required for virus replication and correlates with virus-induced neuropathology.

It is well accepted that viruses require access to specific intracellular environments in order to proliferate or, minimally, to secure future proliferative potential as latent reservoirs. Hence, identification of essential virus-cell interactions should both refine current models of virus replication and proffer alternative targets for therapeutic intervention. In the present study, we examined the activation states of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), ERK-1/2, in primary cells susceptible to visna virus and report that virus infection induces and sustains activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway.