Radical cystectomy for BCG failure: has the timing improved in recent years?

Objective: • To analyse if there is a trend in recent years towards performing radical cystectomy (RC) before muscle invasion or extravesical spread after failure of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for high grade Ta/T1 bladder cancer. Although BCG is indicated for prophylaxis after endoscopic tumour resection there is still a risk of progression.

Patients And Methods: • A retrospective analysis of our RC database (1992-2008) was performed to identify patients who underwent RC after receiving BCG.

Posterior Hox gene expression and differential androgen regulation in the developing and adult rat prostate lobes.

Axis positioning and tissue determination during development involve coordinated expression of Hox genes throughout the body. The most posterior Hox gene clusters are involved in prostate organogenesis. In the present study, we characterized and compared the expression profiles of posterior (5') Hox genes in the separate lobes of the adult rat prostate gland, the coagulating gland, seminal vesicles, and epididymis using quantitative real-time RT-PCR.

Risk of renal insufficiency in African-Americans after radical nephrectomy for kidney cancer.

Purpose: We conducted a retrospective review to evaluate the change in serum creatinine in an African-American population undergoing radical nephrectomy.

Materials And Methods: Race, and preoperative and follow-up creatinine data were extracted from the medical records of all patients who underwent radical nephrectomy performed by a single surgeon. Patients were classified as African-American or black and non-African-American.