Publications by authors named "David He"

Background And Aims: Postoperative sleep disturbances are associated with delayed recovery and increased incidences of complications. This systematic review aims to determine the impact of perioperative pharmacological therapies on postoperative sleep quality in the hospital.

Material And Methods: We searched MEDLINE, MEDLINE ePubs and In-Process Citations (Daily), Embase Classic + Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and PubMed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to May 2022, with continued literature surveillance until August 2023.

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Background And Aims: Delayed neurocognitive recovery (DNR) and postoperative neurocognitive disorder (P-NCD) are common postoperative complications affecting older patients. This review evaluates perioperative approaches for preventing DNR and P-NCD in older noncardiac surgical patients.

Material And Methods: We searched databases for relevant articles from inception through June 2022 and updated in May 2023 (PROSPERO ID CRD42022359289).

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Thyroid hormone and its receptors (TRs) are crucial for late-stage cochlear development and the maintenance of endocochlear potential (EP), yet the mechanisms underlying EP reduction in their absence remain unclear. Cochlear outer sulcus root cells undergo significant morphological changes during late-stage development and are thought to play a role in maintaining endolymph homeostasis and EP. Nevertheless, it remains unknown whether thyroid hormone and TRs are essential for root cell differentiation and function.

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Aims: Early detection and management of sleep disturbances can improve postoperative outcomes given the high prevalence of sleep disturbances and unrecognized cognitive impairment in older surgical patients. There is an association between sleep disturbances and cognitive impairment in the general population. However, the relationship in older surgical patients has not been systematically investigated.

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Age-related vestibular dysfunction (ARVD) is a prevalent, debilitating condition in the elderly. The etiology and molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. We focused on mechanosensitive hair cells (HCs) as they are particularly vulnerable to aging.

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Background: Children in resource-constrained settings (RCS) have disproportionately high illness and mortality; however, the prevalence in RCS of paediatric acute critical illness (P-ACI; life-threatening conditions that require time-sensitive interventions) is unknown. Most P-ACI can be managed with basic critical care (stabilisation, fluid resuscitation, oxygen, and vital-organ support), but RCS hospitals often lack such essential services. This study estimated the prevalence and examined the aetiology of P-ACI among children at RCS hospitals to support critical care capacity building and inform resource allocation.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and changes in functional disability among older surgical patients before and after surgery, as well as identify risk factors and compare clinical outcomes between patients with and without functional disability.
  • A total of 307 patients aged 65 and older undergoing non-cardiac surgery were assessed using a disability measurement tool, revealing that a significant number had preoperative functional disability, but many showed improvement post-surgery.
  • Patients with preoperative functional disability had a higher likelihood of persistent disability after 180 days, and factors like preoperative functional status and depression significantly increased the odds of long-term disability.
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Introduction: Hair cells (HCs) are the sensory receptors of the auditory and vestibular systems in the inner ears of vertebrates that selectively transduce mechanical stimuli into electrical activity. Although all HCs have the hallmark stereocilia bundle for mechanotransduction, HCs in non-mammals and mammals differ in their molecular specialization in the apical, basolateral, and synaptic membranes. HCs of non-mammals, such as zebrafish (zHCs), are electrically tuned to specific frequencies and possess an active process in the stereocilia bundle to amplify sound signals.

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Background: There is a significant gap in research exploring changes in postoperative health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients aged 65 years and older undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty.

Objectives: To investigate the variations in HRQoL improvement, as evaluated by patient-reported outcome measures following total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, and partial knee arthroplasty between the young-old and old-old adults.

Methods/design: We searched six online databases (including MEDLINE, Embase) from their inception dates to May 15, 2023.

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Hearing loss is a major health concern in our society, affecting more than 400 million people worldwide. Among the causes, aminoglycoside therapy can result in permanent hearing loss in 40% to 60% of patients receiving treatment, and despite these high numbers, no drug for preventing or treating this type of hearing loss has yet been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. We have previously conducted high-throughput screenings of bioactive compounds, using zebrafish as our discovery platform, and identified piplartine as a potential therapeutic molecule.

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Study Objectives: To determine the prevalence of suspected cognitive impairment using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cognitive question, Ascertain Dementia Eight-item Questionnaire (AD8), Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-M), and Telephone Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T-MoCA), the agreement between each tool beyond chance, and the risk factors associated with a positive screen.

Design: Multicenter prospective study.

Setting: Remote preoperative assessments.

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Study Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in detecting cognitive impairment (CI) and assess the association of MoCA scores with adverse postoperative outcomes in surgical populations.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Setting: Perioperative setting.

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Hair cells (HCs) are the sensory receptors of the auditory and vestibular systems in the inner ears of vertebrates that selectively transduce mechanical stimuli into electrical activity. Although all HCs have the hallmark stereocilia bundle for mechanotransduction, HCs in non-mammals and mammals differ in their molecular specialization in the apical, basolateral and synaptic membranes. HCs of non-mammals, such as zebrafish (zHCs), are electrically tuned to specific frequencies and possess an active process in the stereocilia bundle to amplify sound signals.

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Body temperature should be tightly regulated for optimal sleep. However, various extrinsic and intrinsic factors can alter body temperature during sleep. In a free-living study, we examined how sleep and cardiovascular health metrics were affected by sleeping for one week with (Pod ON) vs.

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Background: The Mini-Cog is a rapid screening tool that can be administered to older adults to detect cognitive impairment (CI); however, the accuracy of the Mini-Cog to detect CI for older patients in various healthcare settings is unclear.

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the Mini-Cog to screen for cognitive impairment in older patients across different healthcare settings.

Methods/design: We searched nine electronic databases (including MEDLINE, Embase) from inception to January 2023.

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The widely used chemotherapy cisplatin causes permanent hearing loss in 40%-60% of patients with cancer. One drug, sodium thiosulfate, is approved by the FDA for use in pediatric patients with localized solid tumors for preventing cisplatin-induced hearing loss, but more drugs are desperately needed. Here, we tested dabrafenib, an FDA-approved BRAF kinase inhibitor and anticancer drug, in a clinically relevant multidose cisplatin mouse model.

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During intestinal inflammation, host nutritional immunity starves microbes of essential micronutrients, such as iron. Pathogens scavenge iron using siderophores, including enterobactin; however, this strategy is counteracted by host protein lipocalin-2, which sequesters iron-laden enterobactin. Although this iron competition occurs in the presence of gut bacteria, the roles of commensals in nutritional immunity involving iron remain unexplored.

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Background: The Ascertain Dementia 8-item Questionnaire (AD8) is a screening tool for cognitive impairment that can be administered to older persons and/or their informants.

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and compare the predictive parameters of the informant and participant-completed Ascertain Dementia 8-item Questionnaire (iAD8 and pAD8, respectively) in older adults with cognitive impairment.

Methods/design: We searched ten electronic databases (including MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase) from tool inception to March 2022.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to evaluate how common postoperative delirium is in older patients undergoing non-cardiac surgeries and its related outcomes.
  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of 54 studies, involving nearly 21,000 patients, revealed that 19% of elective surgery patients and 32% of emergency surgery patients experienced delirium postoperatively.
  • The presence of delirium significantly increased the risk of mortality and complications, such as longer hospital stays and unplanned ICU admissions, highlighting its serious impact on older surgical patients.
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During intestinal inflammation, host nutritional immunity starves microbes of essential micronutrients such as iron. Pathogens scavenge iron using siderophores, which is counteracted by the host using lipocalin-2, a protein that sequesters iron-laden siderophores, including enterobactin. Although the host and pathogens compete for iron in the presence of gut commensal bacteria, the roles of commensals in nutritional immunity involving iron remain unexplored.

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The mammalian cochlear epithelium undergoes substantial remodeling and maturation before the onset of hearing. However, very little is known about the transcriptional network governing cochlear late-stage maturation and particularly the differentiation of its lateral nonsensory region. Here, we establish ZBTB20 as an essential transcription factor required for cochlear terminal differentiation and maturation and hearing.

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Study Objective: Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are essential to patient function and quality of life after surgery. In older surgical patients, the incidence of preoperative IADL dependence has not been well characterized in the literature. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled incidence of preoperative IADL dependence and the associated adverse outcomes in the older surgical population.

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Chronic, pathological pain is a highly debilitating condition that can arise and be maintained through central sensitization. Central sensitization shares mechanistic and phenotypic parallels with memory formation. In a sensory model of memory reconsolidation, plastic changes underlying pain hypersensitivity can be dynamically regulated and reversed following the reactivation of sensitized sensory pathways.

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Cochlear and vestibular hair cells are highly specialized sensory receptors for hearing and balance. Here, we report a serendipitous identification of a hair-cell-specific organelle in neonatal mouse inner ear, which we name "apicosome." The apicosome is ∼500 nm in diameter and shows itinerant nature and transient appearance during development in cochlear hair cells.

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Determining the prevalence and risk factors related to sleep disturbance in surgical patients would be beneficial for risk stratification and perioperative care planning. The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis are to determine the prevalence and risk factors of sleep disturbances and their associated postoperative complications in surgical patients. The inclusion criteria were: (1) patients ≥18 years old undergoing a surgical procedure, (2) in-patient population, and (3) report of sleep disturbances using a validated sleep assessment tool.

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