Electrochemical removal of nitrate from a Donnan dialysis waste stream.

The objective of this work was to investigate electrochemical removal of nitrate from a high salinity waste stream generated by Donnan dialysis. Donnan dialysis for nitrate removal is a promising technique. It produces a distinctive composition of a high salinity waste stream of NaCl or NaSO that requires a viable disposal method.

Modeling Remineralization of Desalinated Water by Micronized Calcite Dissolution.

A widely used process for remineralization of desalinated water consists of dissolution of calcite particles by flow of acidified desalinated water through a bed packed with millimeter-size calcite particles. An alternative process consists of calcite dissolution by slurry flow of micron-size calcite particles with acidified desalinated water. The objective of this investigation is to provide theoretical models enabling design of remineralization by calcite slurry dissolution with carbonic and sulfuric acids.

Rotating cylinder technique for assessing the effectiveness of anti-scalants.

A novel technique for evaluating the relative inhibition effectiveness of different anti-scalants is presented. The technique is based on the ability of anti-scalants to modify the scale deposition mechanism from mass transfer control to surface control. A rotating cylinder system which is known to provide well controlled mass transfer conditions is used to determine the scaling rate of a supersaturated solution dosed with various feed concentrations of an anti-scalant.