Factors Associated With PrEP Utilization and Access in the United States.

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a cornerstone of the Ending the HIV Epidemic plan. We evaluated sociodemographic factors associated with PrEP use in jurisdictions with high HIV diagnosis rates between the initial years of PrEP rollout in the U.S.

A Systematic Review of EEG and MRI Features for Predicting Long-Term Neurological Outcomes in Cooled Neonates With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE).

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) represents a significant global disease burden, but more importantly, it leaves a lasting impact of disability on individual children and their families. HIE outcome prognostication is important for guiding clinical interventions and counseling families. The objective of this study was to systematically review early electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features associated with long-term neurological outcomes in infants after perinatal HIE.

Blockade of tumor cell-intrinsic PD-L1 signaling enhances AURKA-targeted therapy in triple negative breast cancer.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15-20% of all breast cancers and mainly affects pre-menopausal and minority women. Because of the lack of ER, PR or HER2 expression in TNBC, there are limited options for tailored therapies. While TNBCs respond initially to standard of care chemotherapy, tumor recurrence commonly occurs within 1 to 3 years post-chemotherapy and is associated with early organ metastasis and a high incidence of mortality.

Health Promoting Universities and the salutogenic theory: contemporary challenges in the Latin American reality.

The objective is to reflect on the existing articulation between Aaron Antonovsky's salutogenic theory and Health Promoting Universities, highlighting the challenges for the operationalization of health promotion actions in the Latin American university scenario in the contemporary world. The visible adherence of the ideas of the salutogenic theory to the guiding components of the Health Promoting Universities movement was identified, which has contributed to successful experiences around the world. Practices in the light of salutogenic theory can be considered effective strategies for improving the quality of life in the university setting; however, it is necessary for those involved to detach themselves so that the logic of acting based on a pathogenic process is broken.

Intracellular removal of acetyl, feruloyl and p-coumaroyl decorations on arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides imported from lignocellulosic biomass degradation by Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum.

Background: Xylans are polysaccharides that are naturally abundant in agricultural by-products, such as cereal brans and straws. Microbial degradation of arabinoxylan is facilitated by extracellular esterases that remove acetyl, feruloyl, and p-coumaroyl decorations. The bacterium Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum possesses the Xua (xylan utilization associated) system, which is responsible for importing and intracellularly degrading arabinoxylodextrins.

Mitigating candidiasis with acarbose by targeting Candida albicans α-glucosidase: in-silico, in-vitro and transcriptomic approaches.

Biofilm-associated candidiasis poses a significant challenge in clinical settings due to the limited effectiveness of existing antifungal treatments. The challenges include increased pathogen virulence, multi-drug resistance, and inadequate penetration of antimicrobials into biofilm structures. One potential solution to this problem involves the development of novel drugs that can modulate fungal virulence and biofilm formation, which is essential for pathogenesis.

Modeling Lysosomal Storage Disorders in an Innovative Way: Establishment and Characterization of Stem Cell Lines from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II Patients.

Among the many lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) that would benefit from the establishment of novel cell models, either patient-derived or genetically engineered, is mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II). Here, we present our results on the establishment and characterization of two MPS II patient-derived stem cell line(s) from deciduous baby teeth. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a stem cell population has been isolated from LSD patient samples obtained from the dental pulp.

Moral Injury Among Transplant Providers: Evaluating the Effects of Training in End-of-Life Counseling.

Introduction: Ethical issues are pervasive in healthcare, but few specialties rival the moral complexity of transplant medicine. Transplant providers must regularly inform patients that they are no longer eligible to receive a potentially life-saving operation and the stress of these conversations poses a high risk of moral injury. Training in end-of-life counseling (EOLC) has proven to significantly reduce provider stress and burnout.

Blood collection under anesthesia, peripheral blood cells, plasma biochemistry, and plasma protein electrophoresis in a living fossil: the Spotted Ratfish ().

This report describes the safe and effective handling under anesthesia, blood collection and main clinical pathology values determination for three adult Spotted Ratfish () (two males and one female) successfully maintained under human care for more than 20 years. The anesthetic MS-222 diluted in tamponed salt water at 50 ppm provided deep narcosis with mean induction and recovery times of 5 and 20 min, allowing safe handling and blood collection in the three animals sampled. Major leukocyte types were similar to other teleost and elasmobranch species, identifying lymphocytes as the predominant leukocyte (75.

Effect of temperature on growth and yessotoxin production of Protoceratium reticulatum and Lingulodinium polyedra (Dinophyceae) isolates from the Portuguese coast (NE Atlantic).

The dinoflagellates Protoceratium reticulatum and Lingulodinium polyedra are potential yessotoxin (YTX) producers, which have been associated with blooms responsible for economic, social, and ecological impacts around the world. They occur in Iberian waters, but in this region, little is known of their ecophysiology and toxin profiles. This study investigated the growth and toxin production of two strains of each species, from the Portuguese coast, at 15 °C, 19 °C, and 23 °C.

Solving polymicrobial puzzles: evolutionary dynamics and future directions.

Polymicrobial infections include various microorganisms, often necessitating different treatment methods than a monomicrobial infection. Scientists have been puzzled by the complex interactions within these communities for generations. The presence of specific microorganisms warrants a chronic infection and impacts crucial factors such as virulence and antibiotic susceptibility.

Challenges in the Definitive Diagnosis of Niemann-Pick Type C-Leaky Variants and Alternative Transcripts.

Niemann-Pick type C (NPC, ORPHA: 646) is a neuro-visceral, psychiatric disease caused predominantly by pathogenic variants in the gene or seldom in . The rarity of the disease, and its wide range of clinical phenotypes and ages of onset, turn the diagnosis into a significant challenge. Other than the detailed clinical history, the typical diagnostic work-up for NPC includes the quantification of pathognomonic metabolites.

Help Comes from Unexpected Places: How a Tiny Fairy and a Tropical Fish may help us Model Mucopolysaccharidoses.

Introduction: When it comes to disease modeling, countless models are available for Lysosomal Storage Diseases (LSD). Historically, two major approaches are well-established: in vitro assessments are performed in patient fibroblasts, while in vivo pre-clinical studies are performed in mouse models. Still, both platforms have a series of drawbacks.

Molecular association of and vulvovaginal candidiasis: focusing on a solution.

-mediated vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a significant challenge in clinical settings, owing to the inefficacy of current antifungals in modulating virulence, development of resistance, and poor penetration into the biofilm matrix. Various predisposition factors are molecular drivers that lead to the dysbiosis of normal microflora of the vagina, upregulation of central metabolic pathways, morphogenesis, hyphal extension, adhesion, invasion, and biofilm formation leading to chronic infection and recurrence. Hence, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanism behind the virulence pathways driven by those drivers to decode the drug targets.

MicroRNA Profile, Putative Diagnostic Biomarkers and RNA-Based Therapies in the Inherited Lipid Storage Disease Niemann-Pick Type C.

Lipids are essential for cellular function and are tightly controlled at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Dysregulation of these pathways is associated with vascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and several inherited metabolic disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), in particular, are a family of post-transcriptional gene repressors associated with the regulation of many genes that encode proteins involved in multiple lipid metabolism pathways, thereby influencing their homeostasis.

Iron acquisition by a commensal bacterium modifies host nutritional immunity during Salmonella infection.

During intestinal inflammation, host nutritional immunity starves microbes of essential micronutrients, such as iron. Pathogens scavenge iron using siderophores, including enterobactin; however, this strategy is counteracted by host protein lipocalin-2, which sequesters iron-laden enterobactin. Although this iron competition occurs in the presence of gut bacteria, the roles of commensals in nutritional immunity involving iron remain unexplored.

Epidemiological profile of cancer at the laboratory of anatomy and pathological cytology of mungbere in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Introduction: Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, causing about 10 million deaths per year, 70 % of which occur in low- and middle-income countries. In the DRC, the absence of a national cancer registry is a handicap to the definition of a strategy to combat this disease. The purpose of this study is to establish an epidemiological profile of cancer in this laboratory in order to overcome this deficit in this part of the country.

Revisiting ESKAPE Pathogens: virulence, resistance, and combating strategies focusing on quorum sensing.

The human-bacterial association is long-known and well-established in terms of both augmentations of human health and attenuation. However, the growing incidents of nosocomial infections caused by the ESKAPE pathogens (, , , , , and sp.) call for a much deeper understanding of these organisms.