Utility of Radiographs for Asymptomatic Patients Following Primary Anatomic and Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty.

Background: Radiographs are frequently obtained after total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) to confirm implant placement and follow the status of the bone and prostheses; however, standardization of their use is lacking. There are concerns regarding frequent use of radiographs due to their cost and patient radiation exposure. The aim of this study is to assess the postoperative radiograph frequency and efficacy in primary anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

Erratum: Gene replacement therapy in a schwannoma mouse model of neurofibromatosis type 2.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.

Sinonasal (Schneiderian) Tumors in the Temporal Bone: Case Series and Systematic Review.

Background: Neoplasms derived from the sinonasal epithelium are a rare finding in the temporal bone, and their origins are controversial.

Purpose: To review the characteristics of sinonasal epithelial (previously known as Schneiderian) tumors occurring in the temporal bone.

Data Source: This was a 2-center case series and systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Web of Science through May 2021.

Development and validation of a rabbit model of non-ventilated pneumonia for preclinical drug development.

Background: New drugs targeting antimicrobial resistant pathogens, including , have been challenging to evaluate in clinical trials, particularly for the non-ventilated hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia indications. Development of new antibacterial drugs is facilitated by preclinical animal models that could predict clinical efficacy in patients with these infections.

Methods: We report here an FDA-funded study to develop a rabbit model of non-ventilated pneumonia with by determining the extent to which the natural history of animal disease reproduced human pathophysiology and conducting validation studies to evaluate whether humanized dosing regimens of two antibiotics, meropenem and tobramycin, can halt or reverse disease progression.

Experimental drugs for the prevention or treatment of sensorineural hearing loss.

Introduction: Sensorineural hearing loss results in irreversible loss of inner ear hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons. Reduced sound detection and speech discrimination can span all ages, and sensorineural hearing rehabilitation is limited to amplification with hearing aids or cochlear implants. Recent insights into experimental drug treatments for inner ear regeneration and otoprotection have paved the way for clinical trials in order to restore a more physiological hearing experience.

Prevention and management of hearing loss in patients receiving ototoxic medications.

Following the efforts of patient advocates, the World Health Organization published updated guidelines for management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in 2018 that advised against the routine use of ototoxic second-line injectable drugs (amikacin, capreomycin and kanamycin). Although hearing loss is no longer considered an unavoidable harm for patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, ototoxic medications continue to be used for several infectious and oncological disorders around the world. These drugs contribute to more than a half a million cases of hearing loss worldwide annually.

Voluntary Field Recall of Advanced Bionics HiRes Cochlear Implants: A Single-Institution Experience.

Objectives: In 2020, Advanced Bionics (AB) announced a recall of two cochlear implant (CI) models, the "HiRes Ultra" and "HiRes Ultra 3D", because of reports of hearing degradation. The present study examines clinical parameters and patient features in cases of device failure and evaluates outcomes after reimplantation.

Materials And Methods: A series of 52 patients implanted with the recalled devices experienced suspected device failure and subsequently underwent revision CI placement at a tertiary academic medical center between December 2019 and November 2021.

Training Surgeon Scholars: Grant Writing Workshops During Residency.

Surgical residents may have limited experience with grant writing even though it is an important skill for academic physicians. We describe a novel curriculum on the conduct of research and grant literacy delivered at a single otolaryngology training program over 5 years. This workshop series included preparing a draft grant and conducting a mock grant review committee.

A Subset of Intracanalicular Vestibular Schwannomas Demonstrates Minimal Growth Over a 10-Year Period.

Objective: Vestibular schwannomas (VS) commonly undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) surveillance, but long-term data to support the ideal frequency is limited. Herein, we aim to investigate intracanalicular VS growth predictors and long-term growth rates (GR).

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Intracochlear New Fibro-Ossification and Neuronal Degeneration Following Cochlear Implant Electrode Translocation: Long-Term Histopathological Findings in Humans.

Objective: We aim to assess the histopathology of human temporal bones (TBs) with evidence of cochlear implantation (CI) electrode scalar translocation.

Study Design: Otopathology study.

Setting: Otopathology laboratory.

A Novel Small Molecule Neurotrophin-3 Analogue Promotes Inner Ear Neurite Outgrowth and Synaptogenesis .

Sensorineural hearing loss is irreversible and is associated with the loss of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) and sensory hair cells within the inner ear. Improving spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) survival, neurite outgrowth, and synaptogenesis could lead to significant gains for hearing-impaired patients. There has therefore been intense interest in the use of neurotrophic factors in the inner ear to promote both survival of SGNs and re-wiring of sensory hair cells by surviving SGNs.

Radiologically-proven New Development of Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Associated With Development of Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Syndrome.

Objective: This report describes a case of development of radiologic superior semicircular canal dehiscence and reviews the literature for pertinent clinical and radiologic findings in patients with superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS).

Patient: A 28-year-old man presented with auditory and vestibular symptoms of SCDS and underwent a high-resolution temporal bone computed tomography scan that showed frank dehiscence of the right superior semicircular canal. Diagnosis of SCDS was further verified with audiometric and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) thresholds.

Impact of COVID-19 on Presentation of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss at a Single Institution.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in widespread unprecedented changes to the health care system. Herein, we sought to assess the impact of the viral outbreak on clinical presentations of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) at a single academic center. Our results demonstrate a decrease in the absolute number of patients presenting with SSNHL to our institution during the initial onset of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to an analogous time frame 1 year prior.

Demonstration and Mitigation of Aerosol and Particle Dispersion During Mastoidectomy Relevant to the COVID-19 Era.

Background: COVID-19 has become a global pandemic with a dramatic impact on healthcare systems. Concern for viral transmission necessitates the investigation of otologic procedures that use high-speed drilling instruments, including mastoidectomy, which we hypothesized to be an aerosol-generating procedure.

Methods: Mastoidectomy with a high-speed drill was simulated using fresh-frozen cadaveric heads with fluorescein solution injected into the mastoid air cells.

Topical fibroblast growth factor-2 for treatment of chronic tympanic membrane perforations.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) in treating chronic nonhealing tympanic membrane (TM) perforations.

Method: Double-blinded, randomized placebo controlled phase 2 clinical trial for patients with chronic TM perforations of more than 3 months duration with a cross-over arm. Patients received either FGF-2 or placebo (sterile water) saturated gelatin sponge in the perforation after rimming the perforation under topical anesthesia.

Aerosol Dispersion During Mastoidectomy and Custom Mitigation Strategies for Otologic Surgery in the COVID-19 Era.

Objective: To investigate small-particle aerosolization from mastoidectomy relevant to potential viral transmission and to test source-control mitigation strategies.

Study Design: Cadaveric simulation.

Setting: Surgical simulation laboratory.

Auditory Quality-of-Life Measures in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury and Normal Pure Tone Audiometry.

Auditory complaints are commonly reported following traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, few studies have examined patient-reported auditory symptomatology and quality-of-life metrics in individuals with TBI. We hypothesize that following TBI, individuals can experience auditory symptoms even with hearing thresholds in the normal range.

Protective Efficacy of Monoclonal Antibodies Neutralizing Alpha-Hemolysin and Bicomponent Leukocidins in a Rabbit Model of Staphylococcus aureus Necrotizing Pneumonia.

is a major human pathogen that causes a wide range of infections by producing an arsenal of cytotoxins. We found that passive immunization with either a monoclonal antibody (MAb) neutralizing alpha-hemolysin or a broadly cross-reactive MAb neutralizing Panton-Valentine leukocidin, leukocidin ED, and gamma-hemolysins HlgAB and HlgCB conferred only partial protection, whereas the combination of those two MAbs conferred significant protection in a rabbit model of necrotizing pneumonia caused by the USA300 methicillin-resistant epidemic clone.

Location of Small Intracanalicular Vestibular Schwannomas Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) were proposed to arise from the glial-Schwann cell junction within the internal auditory canal (IAC). However, otopathology studies indicate that VS may arise anywhere along the course of the vestibular nerve. Recent studies suggested that the majority of tumors are located centrally within the IAC with an equal distribution near the porus acusticus and the fundus.

Peripheral Vestibular Organ Degeneration After Temporal Bone Fracture: A Human Otopathology Study.

Objectives/hypothesis: Vestibular symptoms are a common sequela of temporal bone fractures (TBFs). The mechanisms of injury to the peripheral vestibular system following TBF, however, are not well described. Herein, we aimed to investigate the histopathology of the peripheral vestibular system in patients who sustained TBFs.

Patient-reported auditory handicap measures following mild traumatic brain injury.

Objectives/hypothesis: Few studies have specifically addressed auditory complaints in patients with nonblast mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Herein, we aimed to investigate auditory symptoms in patients following mTBI using patient-reported outcome measures.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data in a tertiary-care hospital.