Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Nitric Oxide During Cardiopulmonary Bypass for Open Heart Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Children with congenital heart defects who undergo cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery are at risk for delayed or impaired neurodevelopmental outcomes. Nitric oxide (NO) added to the CPB oxygenator may reduce systemic inflammation due to CPB and improve recovery from surgery, including improved neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Objective: To investigate neurodevelopment, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and factors associated with impaired neurodevelopment at 12 months post surgery in infants who received CPB with NO or standard CPB.

Effect of Nitric Oxide via Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Ventilator-Free Days in Young Children Undergoing Congenital Heart Disease Surgery: The NITRIC Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: In children undergoing heart surgery, nitric oxide administered into the gas flow of the cardiopulmonary bypass oxygenator may reduce postoperative low cardiac output syndrome, leading to improved recovery and shorter duration of respiratory support. It remains uncertain whether nitric oxide administered into the cardiopulmonary bypass oxygenator improves ventilator-free days (days alive and free from mechanical ventilation).

Objective: To determine the effect of nitric oxide applied into the cardiopulmonary bypass oxygenator vs standard care on ventilator-free days in children undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease.