Differential Modulation of Cancellous and Cortical Distal Femur by Fructose and Natural Mineral-Rich Water Consumption in Ovariectomized Female Sprague Dawley Rats.

Bone mineral density (BMD) and microstructure depend on estrogens and diet. We assessed the impact of natural mineral-rich water ingestion on distal femur of fructose-fed estrogen-deficient female Sprague Dawley rats. Ovariectomized rats drank tap or mineral-rich waters, with or without 10%-fructose, for 10 weeks.

Can childhood trauma influence facial emotion recognition independently from a diagnosis of severe mental disorder?

Introduction: Facial emotion recognition (FER) is a fundamental component in social interaction. We know that FER is disturbed in patients with severe mental disorder (SMD), as well as those with a history of childhood trauma.

Material And Methods: We intend to analyze the possible relationship between the existence of trauma in childhood irrespective of a SMD, measured by the CTQ scale and facial expression recognition, in a sample of three types of subjects (n=321): healthy controls (n=179), patients with BPD (n=69) and patients with a first psychotic episode (n=73).

Comparative study of the effects of osteoprotegerin and testosterone on bone quality in male orchidectomised rats.

The aim of this work is to compare the effects of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and testosterone on bone quality in a model of orchidectomised (ORX) rats. Three-month-old ORX or SHAM operated groups ( = 15 each group) were used. The SHAM and ORX groups received saline.

The relationship between theory of mind deficits and neurocognition in first episode-psychosis.

Research suggests that theory of mind (ToM) deficits are related to chronic psychosis and to first-episode psychosis (FEP) independently of other neurocognition domains. The aim of this study was to measure the differences in ToM area in a Spanish population of FEP sample (N = 32) and in a healthy control group (N = 32). A further aim was to describe the relationship between different domains of neurocognition, psychotic symptoms and social functioning with ToM in this sample.

Atlases with Arcuate Foramen Present Cortical Bone Thickening That May Contribute to Lower Fracture Risk.

Background: To date, no information about the cortical bone microstructural properties in atlas vertebrae with arcuate foramen has been reported. As a result, we aimed to test in an experimental model if there is a cortical bone thickening in an atlas vertebra which has an arcuate foramen that may play a protective role against bone fracture.

Methods: We analyzed by means of micro-computed tomography the cortical bone thickness, the cortical volume, and the medullary volume (SkyScan 1172 Bruker micro-CT NV, Kontich, Belgium) in cadaveric dry atlas vertebrae with arcuate foramen and without arcuate foramen.

Cortical bone thickening in Type A posterior atlas arch defects: experimental report.

Background Context: To date, no information about the cortical bone microstructural properties in atlas vertebrae with posterior arch defects has been reported.

Purpose: To test if there is an increased cortical bone thickening in atlases with Type A posterior atlas arch defects in an experimental model.

Study Design: Micro-computed tomography (CT) study on cadaveric atlas vertebrae.

Effects of diacerein on cartilage and subchondral bone in early stages of osteoarthritis in a rabbit model.

Background: Osteoarthritis is thought to be the most prevalent chronic and disabling joint disease in animals and humans. At present, there is no ideal treatment option. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the treatment with oral diacerein on articular cartilage, synovial membrane and subchondral bone in an experimental rabbit model of osteoarthritis by micro-CT evaluation and histological analysis.

Comparison of various SYSADOA for the osteoarthritis treatment: an experimental study in rabbits.

Background: Osteoarthritis is thought to be the most prevalent chronic and disabling joint disease in animals and humans and its treatment is a major orthopaedic challenge because there is no ideal drug treatment to preserve joint structure and function, as well as to ameliorate the symptomatology of the disease. The aim of the present study was to assess, using histology, histomorphometry and micro-CT, the effects of the treatment with several drugs of the SYSADOA group and a bisphosphonate in a model of early osteoarthritis, comparing all the results obtained.

Methods: Osteoarthritis was surgically induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection and partial meniscectomy on one knee of 56 rabbits; treatment was started three weeks after surgery and lasted 8 weeks; at the end of this period, the animals were sacrificed.

Sirolimus and tacrolimus rather than cyclosporine A cause bone loss in healthy adult male rats.

The aim of this work was to study the effects of cyclosporine (CsA), tacrolimus (FK-506), and rapamycin (RAPA) on bone mass, femoral microstructure, femoral biomechanical properties, and bone remodeling in healthy adult male rats. Forty-eight 5-month-old male Wistar rats were used. CsA (2 mg/kg/day), FK-506 (3 mg/kg/day), RAPA (1.

Impact of estrogens on atherosclerosis and bone in the apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse model.

Objective: The common inflammatory pathophysiology has nourished the hypothesis of a relationship between osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Estrogens are key agents in the modulation of both processes. We investigated whether induction of atherosclerosis affects bone and whether estrogens modulate both processes.

Microstructural trabecular bone from patients with osteoporotic hip fracture or osteoarthritis: its relationship with bone mineral density and bone remodelling markers.

Osteoporosis (OP) and osteoarthritis (OA) are the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders in the elderly but the relationship between them is unclear. The purposes of this study are to analyze the bone turnover markers (BTM), bone mineral density (BMD) and the structural and mechanical properties of trabecular bone in patients with OP and OA, and to explore the relationship between these two diseases. We studied 12 OP patients and 13 OA patients.

Effects of Nrf2 deficiency on bone microarchitecture in an experimental model of osteoporosis.

Objective: Redox imbalance contributes to bone fragility. We have evaluated the in vivo role of nuclear factor erythroid derived 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), an important regulator of cellular responses to oxidative stress, in bone metabolism using a model of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Methods: Ovariectomy was performed in both wild-type and mice deficient in Nrf2 (Nrf2(-/-)).

Effect of lysophosphatidic acid receptor inhibition on bone changes in ovariectomized mice.

Pharmacological inhibition of signaling through lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors reduces bone erosions in an experimental model of arthritis by mechanisms involving reduced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption and increased differentiation of osteoblasts and bone mineralization. These results led us to hypothesize that LPA receptor inhibition would be beneficial in osteoporosis. Our aim was to test this hypothesis with the LPA receptor antagonist, Ki16425, in ovariectomized mice, a model of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Effects of glucosamine and risedronate alone or in combination in an experimental rabbit model of osteoarthritis.

Background: The osteoarthritis (OA) treatment in humans and in animals is a major orthopaedic challenge because there is not an ideal drug for preserving the joint structure and function. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the treatment with oral glucosamine and risedronate alone or in combination on articular cartilage, synovial membrane and subchondral bone in an experimental rabbit model of OA. Osteoarthritis was surgically induced on one knee of 32 New Zealand White rabbits using the contralateral as healthy controls.

Bayesian adaptive designs in single ascending dose trials in healthy volunteers.

Aim: Recent publications indicate a strong interest in applying Bayesian adaptive designs in first time in humans (FTIH) studies outside of oncology. The objective of the present work was to assess the performance of a new approach that includes Bayesian adaptive design in single ascending dose (SAD) trials conducted in healthy volunteers, in comparison with a more traditional approach.

Methods: A trial simulation approach was used and seven different scenarios of dose-response were tested.

Effects of PTH (1-84) on bone quality in a validated model of osteoporosis due to androgenic deprivation.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) (1-84) in a model of male osteoporosis induced by orchidectomy in rats.

Methods: Six-month-old Wistar rats were used as follows: SHAM (simulated orchidectomy), orchidectomized (ORX), ORX + PTH1 (ORX and treated with 10 µg/Kg/d of PTH 1-84) and ORX + PTH2 (ORX and treated with 50 µg/Kg/d of PTH 1-84) over 3 months, with treatment beginning three months after orchidectomy.

Results: Orchidectomy resulted in a decreased of femoral and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD), a worsening of trabecular and cortical microarchitecture and a decrease in biomechanical properties.

Effects of kalsis, a dietary supplement, on bone metabolism in the ovariectomized rats.

We studied the ability of Kalsis, a food supplement that contains selenium, citric acid, and vitamin E, to prevent the effects of ovariectomy on bone loss. Six-month-old, Wistar female rats were studied. Groups (n = 12): SHAM: sham-operated rats; OVX: ovariectomized rats, treated with vehicle; OVX + Kalsis: ovariectomized rats treated with Kalsis (25 mg/kg/day) for 3 months.

The intramammary efficacy of first generation cephalosporins against Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in mice.

Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis in cattle causes important financial losses in the dairy industry due to lower yield and bad milk quality. Although S. aureus is susceptible to many antimicrobials in vitro, treatment often fails to cure the infected udder.

Downregulation of the inflammatory response by CORM-3 results in protective effects in a model of postmenopausal arthritis.

CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) are a new class of drugs able to release small amounts of CO in biological systems. We have shown previously that one of these molecules, CORM-3, exerts anti-inflammatory effects in animal models. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of CORM-3 on bone metabolism in a model of postmenopausal rheumatoid arthritis osteoporosis.

Up-regulation of the inflammatory response by ovariectomy in collagen-induced arthritis. effects of tin protoporphyrin IX.

We have studied the influence of ovariectomy on the inflammatory response and bone metabolism on CIA as a model of postmenopausal arthritis as well as the effects of tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP), a heme oxygenase inhibitor. Ovariectomy in non-arthritic mice produced increased serum PGD2 levels and up-regulated the expression of COX-2, h-PGDS, l-PGDS, and HO-1 in the joints. In CIA, ovariectomy potentiated the inflammatory response with higher levels of serum IL-6 and MMP-3, local PGD2 and MMP-3 as well as trabecular bone erosion.