Molecular profiles of blood from numerous species that differ in sensitivity to acute inflammation.

Vertebrates differ over 100,000-fold in responses to pro-inflammatory agonists such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), complicating use of animal models to study human sepsis or inflammatory disorders. We compared transcriptomes of resting and LPS-exposed blood from six LPS-sensitive species (rabbit, pig, sheep, cow, chimpanzee, human) and four LPS-resilient species (mice, rats, baboon, rhesus), as well as plasma proteomes and lipidomes. Unexpectedly, at baseline, sensitive species already had enhanced expression of LPS-responsive genes relative to resilient species.

Ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 drives escape from mRNA vaccine-induced humoral immunity.

With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic 4 years ago, viral sequencing continues to document numerous individual mutations in the viral spike protein across many variants. To determine the ability of vaccine-mediated humoral immunity to combat continued SARS-CoV-2 evolution, we construct a comprehensive panel of pseudoviruses harboring each individual mutation spanning 4 years of the pandemic to understand the fitness cost and resistance benefits of each. These efforts identify numerous mutations that escape from vaccine-induced humoral immunity.

Evidence of time dependent degradation of polypropylene surgical mesh explanted from the abdomen and vagina of sheep.

The failure of polypropylene mesh is marked by significant side effects and debilitation, arising from a complex interplay of factors. One key contributor is the pronounced physico-mechanical mismatch between the polypropylene (PP) fibres and surrounding tissues, resulting in substantial physical damage, inflammation, and persistent pain. However, the primary cause of sustained inflammation due to polypropylene itself remains incompletely understood.

Co-assembling bioactive short peptide nanofibers coated silk scaffolds induce neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells.

Controlling biomolecular-cell interactions is crucial for the design of scaffolds for tissue engineering (TE). Regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) has been extensively used as TE scaffolds, however, RSF showed poor attachment of neuronal cells, such as rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. In this work, amphiphilic peptides containing a hydrophobic isoleucine tail (I) and laminin or fibronectin derived peptides (IKVAV, PDSGR, YIGSR, RGDS and PHSRN) were designed for promoting scaffold-cell interaction.

Physio-chemical degradation of single-use plastics in natural weather and marine environments.

Plastic pollution has reached concerning levels globally, with single-use plastic products (SUPs) comprising at least 50% of plastic waste. This study investigates the physical and chemical degradation of frequently used SUPs, including petroleum-based and bio-based plastics, in natural Northern European coastal weather and marine environments over a three-year period from 2019 to 2022. Addressing a critical knowledge gap, this research was based on a hypothesis that real-world ageing studies on SUPs would produce more accurate time- and process-lines for their transformation from macro-to microplastics than are available today based on the modeling studies more frequently used.

Unexpected concentration dependence of the mass accommodation coefficient of water on aqueous triethylene glycol droplets.

The mass accommodation coefficient of water on aqueous triethylene glycol droplets was determined for water mole fractions in the range = 0.1-0.93 and temperatures between 21 and 26 °C from modulated Mie scattering measurement on single optically-trapped droplets in combination with a kinetic multilayer model.

Temporal memory for threatening events encoded in a haunted house.

Despite the salient experience of encoding threatening events, these memories are prone to distortions and often non-veridical from encoding to recall. Further, threat has been shown to preferentially disrupt the binding of event details and enhance goal-relevant information. While extensive work has characterised distinctive features of emotional memory, research has not fully explored the influence threat has on temporal memory, a process putatively supported by the binding of event details into a temporal context.

Ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 drives escape from mRNA vaccine-induced humoral immunity.

Since the COVID-19 pandemic began in 2020, viral sequencing has documented 131 individual mutations in the viral spike protein across 48 named variants. To determine the ability of vaccine-mediated humoral immunity to keep pace with continued SARS-CoV-2 evolution, we assessed the neutralization potency of sera from 76 vaccine recipients collected after 2 to 6 immunizations against a comprehensive panel of mutations observed during the pandemic. Remarkably, while many individual mutations that emerged between 2020 and 2022 exhibit escape from sera following primary vaccination, few escape boosted sera.

Peri-Implant Fracture Following Prior Fixation of Femoral Neck Fracture Using the Femoral Neck System: A Case Report.

Introduction: Peri-implant fractures (PIF) reported after cannulated screw and dynamic hip screw fixation historically occur distal to the implant within the subtrochanteric region secondary to the development of a stress riser. Newer implant designs for femoral neck fractures have attempted to combine the benefits of minimally invasive techniques without forgoing rigid angular stability but bring new potential complications.

Case Report: We present a case of an intertrochanteric PIF in the setting of a non-displaced femoral neck fracture treated with the DePuy Synthes Femoral Neck System (FNS).

Chromatin accessibility and cell cycle progression are controlled by the HDAC-associated Sin3B protein in murine hematopoietic stem cells.

Background: Blood homeostasis requires the daily production of millions of terminally differentiated effector cells that all originate from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). HSCs are rare and exhibit unique self-renewal and multipotent properties, which depend on their ability to maintain quiescence through ill-defined processes. Defective control of cell cycle progression can eventually lead to bone marrow failure or malignancy.

Macrophage metallothioneins participate in the antileishmanial activity of antimonials.

Host cell functions that participate in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of drugs against intracellular pathogen infections are critical for drug efficacy. In this study, we investigated whether macrophage mechanisms of xenobiotic detoxification contribute to the elimination of intracellular upon exposure to pentavalent antimonials (Sb). Primary macrophages from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) (n=6) were exposed to infection and Sb, and transcriptomes were generated.

Multi-Omic blood analysis reveals differences in innate inflammatory sensitivity between species.

Vertebrates differ greatly in responses to pro-inflammatory agonists such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), complicating use of animal models to study human sepsis or inflammatory disorders. We compared transcriptomes of resting and LPS-exposed blood from six LPS-sensitive species (rabbit, pig, sheep, cow, chimpanzee, human) and four LPS-resilient species (mice, rats, baboon, rhesus), as well as plasma proteomes and lipidomes. Unexpectedly, at baseline, sensitive species already had enhanced expression of LPS-responsive genes relative to resilient species.

Circulating cellular clusters are associated with thrombotic complications and clinical outcomes in COVID-19.

We sought to study the role of circulating cellular clusters (CCC) -such as circulating leukocyte clusters (CLCs), platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLA), and platelet-erythrocyte aggregates (PEA)- in the immunothrombotic state induced by COVID-19. Forty-six blood samples from 37 COVID-19 patients and 12 samples from healthy controls were analyzed with imaging flow cytometry. Patients with COVID-19 had significantly higher levels of PEAs (p value<0.

Organizational values: Essential substrate for professional identity formation.

Core organizational values are essential for any organization, including academic institutions. Formal and informal leaders can have a positive, or negative, impact on shaping their culture through the core values. Members of an organization, including students, can be shaped by the organizational values in ways that strengthen, or impede, their professional identity formation.

Aminosilane Functionalized Aligned Fiber PCL Scaffolds for Peripheral Nerve Repair.

Silane modification is a simple and cost-effective tool to modify existing biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Aminosilane layer deposition has previously been shown to control NG108-15 neuronal cell and primary Schwann cell adhesion and differentiation by controlling deposition of ─NH groups at the submicron scale across the entirety of a surface by varying silane chain length. This is the first study toreport depositing 11-aminoundecyltriethoxysilane (CL11) onto aligned Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds for peripheral nerve regeneration.

Chromatin-Associated SIN3B Protects Cancer Cells from Genotoxic Stress-Induced Apoptosis and Dictates DNA Damage Repair Pathway Choice.

Unlabelled: Transcription and DNA damage repair act in a coordinated manner. The scaffolding protein SIN3B serves as a transcriptional co-repressor of hundreds of cell cycle-related genes. However, the contribution of SIN3B during the DNA damage response remains unknown.

A real-world comparison of the clinical and economic utility of OVA1 and CA125 in assessing ovarian tumor malignancy risk.

This largest-of-its-kind study evaluated the clinical utility of CA125 and OVA1, commonly used as ovarian tumor markers for assessing the risk of malignancy. The research focused on the ability and utility of these tests to reliably predict patients at low risk for ovarian cancer. Clinical utility endpoints were 12-month maintenance of benign mass status, reduction in gynecologic oncologist referral, avoidable surgical intervention and associated cost savings.

Advantages of robotic arm-assisted total hip arthroplasty: a 90-day episode-of-care clinical utility and cost analysis.

Determine the clinical utility and economic differences over a 90-day period between robotic arm-assisted total hip arthroplasty (RATHA) and manual total hip arthroplasty (MTHA). Leveraging a nationwide commercial payer database, pre-covid THA procedures were identified. Following a 1:5 propensity score match, 1732 RATHA and 8660 MTHA patients were analyzed.

Hygroscopic growth of single atmospheric sea salt aerosol particles from mass measurement in an optical trap.

Sea salt aerosol is among the most abundant aerosol species in Earth's atmosphere, and its hygroscopicity is an important parameter to quantify its interaction with solar radiation. Conflicting values for the hygroscopic growth have been reported in the literature, which decreases the accuracy with which their impact on Earth's climate can be modelled. Here we report new values of the hygroscopic growth for a selection of salt compositions representative of atmospheric sea salt.

Designed peptide amphiphiles as scaffolds for tissue engineering.

Peptide amphiphiles (PAs) are peptide-based molecules that contain a peptide sequence as a head group covalently conjugated to a hydrophobic segment, such as lipid tails. They can self-assemble into well-ordered supramolecular nanostructures such as micelles, vesicles, twisted ribbons and nanofibers. In addition, the diversity of natural amino acids gives the possibility to produce PAs with different sequences.

Aligned Polyhydroxyalkanoate Blend Electrospun Fibers as Intraluminal Guidance Scaffolds for Peripheral Nerve Repair.

The use of nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) to treat peripheral nerve injuries is a favorable approach to the current "gold standard" of autografting. However, as simple hollow tubes, they lack specific topographical and mechanical guidance cues present in nerve grafts and therefore are not suitable for treating large gap injuries (30-50 mm). The incorporation of intraluminal guidance scaffolds, such as aligned fibers, has been shown to increase neuronal cell neurite outgrowth and Schwann cell migration distances.

The Sin3B chromatin modifier restricts cell cycle progression to dictate hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.

To maintain blood homeostasis, millions of terminally differentiated effector cells are produced every day. At the apex of this massive and constant blood production lie hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), a rare cell type harboring unique self-renewal and multipotent properties. A key feature of HSCs is their ability to temporarily exit the cell cycle in a state termed quiescence.

Additive Manufacturing of Polyhydroxyalkanoate-Based Blends Using Fused Deposition Modelling for the Development of Biomedical Devices.

In the last few decades Additive Manufacturing has advanced and is becoming important for biomedical applications. In this study we look at a variety of biomedical devices including, bone implants, tooth implants, osteochondral tissue repair patches, general tissue repair patches, nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) and coronary artery stents to which fused deposition modelling (FDM) can be applied. We have proposed CAD designs for these devices and employed a cost-effective 3D printer to fabricate proof-of-concept prototypes.

Physiological arousal guides situational appraisals and metacognitive recall for naturalistic experiences.

As individuals navigate the world, they are bound to have emotionally intense experiences. These events not only influence momentary physiological and affective responses, but may also have a powerful impact on one's memory for their emotional experience. In this research, we used the naturalistic context of a haunted house to examine how physiological arousal is associated with metacognitive emotional memory (i.

Real time degradation studies on polyurethane household sponges in Danish weather and marine environments.

Polyurethane (PUR) ether sponges represent a widely-used cleaning tool with a short service lifetime resulting in the production of high quantities of waste. However, the fate of PUR in natural environments is poorly understood. In this study, sponges were exposed to the natural environments of Danish weather and seawater for two years.