Phenotype and outcomes of very early onset and early onset inflammatory bowel diseases in a Montreal pediatric cohort.

Objectives: The incidence of very-early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) and early-onset IBD (EO-IBD) is increasing. Here, we report their phenotype and outcomes in a Montreal pediatric cohort.

Methods: We analyzed data from patients diagnosed with IBD between January 2014 and December 2018 from the CHU Sainte-Justine.

Separation of function between isotype switching and affinity maturation in vivo during acute immune responses and circulating autoantibodies in UNG-deficient mice.

Activation-induced deaminase converts deoxycytidine to deoxyuridine at the Ig loci. Complementary pathways, initiated by the uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG) or the mismatch repair factor MSH2/MSH6, must process the deoxyuridine to initiate class-switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation. UNG deficiency most severely reduces CSR efficiency and only modestly affects the somatic hypermutation spectrum in vitro.

Differential mRNA expression of seven genes involved in cholesterol metabolism and transport in the liver of atherosclerosis-susceptible and -resistant Japanese quail strains.

Background: Two atherosclerosis-susceptible and -resistant Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) strains obtained by divergent selection are commonly used as models to study atherosclerosis, but no genetic characterization of their phenotypic differences has been reported so far. Our objective was to examine possible differences in the expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism and transport in the liver between these two strains and to evaluate the value of this model to analyze the gene system affecting cholesterol metabolism and transport.

Methods: A factorial study with both strains (atherosclerosis-susceptible versus atherosclerosis-resistant) and two diets (control versus cholesterol) was carried out.

Optimal functional levels of activation-induced deaminase specifically require the Hsp40 DnaJa1.

The enzyme activation-induced deaminase (AID) deaminates deoxycytidine at the immunoglobulin genes, thereby initiating antibody affinity maturation and isotype class switching during immune responses. In contrast, off-target DNA damage caused by AID is oncogenic. Central to balancing immunity and cancer is AID regulation, including the mechanisms determining AID protein levels.

Cytotoxic agents in the treatment of laryngeal sarcoidosis: a case report and review of the literature.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease with various clinical manifestations. It is characterized primarily on a histopathologic basis by the presence of noncaseating granulomata. Laryngeal involvement reportedly occurs in 3-5% of cases, and it is typically localized to the supraglottic region.

Obstructing tracheobronchial schwannoma.

Endotracheal and endobronchial schwannomas are extremely rare tumors of neurogenic origin. These tumors often present late. Common symptoms of hemoptysis and dyspnea result from the size and location of the tumors.

15-F(2t)-isoprostane exacerbates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury of isolated rat hearts.

Reactive oxygen species induce formation of 15-F(2t)-isoprostane (15-F(2t)-IsoP), a specific marker of in vivo lipid peroxidation, which is increased after myocardial ischemia and during the subsequent reperfusion. 15-F(2t)-IsoP possesses potent bioactivity under pathophysiological conditions. However, it remains unknown whether 15-F(2t)-IsoP, by itself, can influence myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI).

Comparison of data obtained from sedated versus unsedated wireless telemetry capsule placement: does sedation affect the results of ambulatory 48-hour pH testing?

Objectives: The introduction of 48-hour wireless pH testing provides a novel technique of evaluating persons with suspected reflux disease. The wireless capsule can be placed in a sedated individual at the time of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or in an unsedated individual at a time after the initial EGD, at the time of esophageal manometry or at the time of transnasal esophagoscopy. The effect that sedation has on the results of 48-hour wireless pH testing has not been evaluated.

Application of high-dose propofol during ischemia improves postischemic function of rat hearts: effects on tissue antioxidant capacity.

Previous studies have shown that reactive oxygen species mediated lipid peroxidation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery occurs primarily during cardiopulmonary bypass. We examined whether application of a high concentration of propofol during ischemia could effectively enhance postischemic myocardial functional recovery in the setting of global ischemia and reperfusion in an isolated heart preparation. Hearts were subjected to 40 min of global ischemia followed by 90 min of reperfusion.

Protective role of heme oxygenase in the blood vessel wall during atherogenesis.

Several lines of evidence suggest that antioxidant processes and (or) endogenous antioxidants inhibit proatherogenic events in the blood vessel wall. Heme oxygenase (HO), which catabolizes heme to biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and catalytic iron, has been shown to have such antioxidative properties. The HO-1 isoform of heme oxygenase is ubiquitous and can be increased several fold by stimuli that induce cellular oxidative stress.

Effects of oxidant-induced injury on heme oxygenase and glutathione in cultured aortic endothelial cells from atherosclerosis-susceptible and -resistant Japanese quail.

Recent studies on cultured aortic endothelial cells (AECs) from atherosclerosis-susceptible (SUS) and -resistant (RES) strains of Japanese quail suggest that differences in atherosclerosis susceptibility between RES and SUS may be due to differences in endothelial heme oxygenase (HO) and antioxidant components. We have now investigated the effects of oxidant-induced injury on HO and glutathione (GSH) in AECs from SUS and RES quail. We report that cultured AECs from SUS and RES birds differ in their response to oxidative stress.

Heme oxygenase and antioxidant status in cultured aortic endothelial cells isolated from atherosclerosis-susceptible and -resistant Japanese quail.

We have investigated heme oxygenase (HO) and antioxidant status in the novel isolation and characterization of aortic endothelial cells (AECs) from a random bred wild-type strain (WILD) and selectively bred atherosclerosis-susceptible (SUS) and -resistant (RES) strains of Japanese quail. Cultured AECs expressed acetylated LDL, and were probed with endothelial and smooth muscle cell specific antibodies to confirm purity of culture. Subconfluent monolayers of RES AECs had higher HO activity than SUS AECs.

Alterations in aortic antioxidant components in an experimental model of atherosclerosis: a time-course study.

Antioxidant component alterations in the aorta during atherogenesis were examined in atherosclerosis-susceptible (SUS) Japanese quail fed a cholesterol-supplemented (0.5% w/w) diet. Birds fed a non-supplemented diet provided information on the effects of aging on endogenous antioxidants.

Propofol enhances ischemic tolerance of middle-aged rat hearts: effects on 15-F(2t)-isoprostane formation and tissue antioxidant capacity.

Objective: Experimental study has shown that myocardial ischemic tolerance is reduced during middle-age. We investigated the effect of propofol on ischemic tolerance of middle-aged rat hearts.

Methods: Hearts of young adult (10 weeks old, Y) and middle-aged rats (20 weeks old, M) were assigned to propofol (P-Y, P-M) and control (C-Y, C-M) groups (n=6 each).

Role of platelet activating factor in cardiac dysfunction, apoptosis and nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression in the ischemic-reperfused rabbit heart.

Background: The role of platelet activating factor (PAF) and nitric oxide in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MIR) injury and the interrelationship of the two mediators is poorly understood. The contribution of PAF to apoptosis during MIR has not been studied.

Objectives: To determine the contribution of PAF to ex vivo cardiac dysfunction during the initial 5 h of postischemia reperfusion, to determine the contribution of PAF to inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and endothelial NOS mRNA expression during MIR, and to determine whether PAF contributes to apoptosis during MIR.

Dose-dependent protection of cardiac function by propofol during ischemia and early reperfusion in rats: effects on 15-F2t-isoprostane formation.

We examined the effects of propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) on functional recovery and 15-F2t-isoprostane generation during ischemia-reperfusion in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts. Before the induction of 40 min of global ischemia, hearts were perfused (10 min) with propofol at 5 (lo-P) or 12 microg/mL (hi-P) in saline or with saline only (control). During ischemia, saline, lo-P, or hi-P was perfused through the aorta at 60 microL/min.

Tissue antioxidant capacity during anesthesia: propofol enhances in vivo red cell and tissue antioxidant capacity in a rat model.

Unlabelled: The effects of anesthesia on ischemia-reperfusion injury are of considerable scientific and clinical interest. We examined the effects of propofol (known to possess antioxidant activity) and halothane (devoid of antioxidant activity in vitro) on tissue and red blood cell (RBC) antioxidant capacity. Adult male Wistar rats were anesthetized with halothane 0.