A Systematic Review of Surgical interventions for the Treatment of Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis.

Context: Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) is a poorly understood chronic debilitating condition. Surgery is reserved for severe refractory cases; however, there is no consensus on patient selection or optimal approach.

Objective: To evaluate the evidence relating to the safety and efficacy of surgical interventions for treating BPS/IC.

Molecular control of vascular development in the zebrafish.

The zebrafish is emerging as a novel model for the study of embryonic vascular development. In this review we summarize the advantages of this intriguing experimental system and the advances in our understanding of the molecular control of vascular development it has allowed.