Current concepts of rotator cuff tendinopathy.

Purpose/background: Tendinopathies are a broad topic that can be examined from the lab to their impact upon function. Improved understanding will serve to bring this pathology to the forefront of discussion, whether in the clinic or the classroom. The purpose of this current concepts clinical commentary is to explore intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy in order to improve clinical and research understanding.

Brainstem cavernous malformations: anatomical, clinical, and surgical considerations.

Symptomatic brainstem cavernous malformations carry a high risk of permanent neurological deficit related to recurrent hemorrhage, which justifies aggressive management. Detailed knowledge of the microscopic and surface anatomy is important for understanding the clinical presentation, predicting possible surgical complications, and formulating an adequate surgical plan. In this article the authors review and illustrate the surgical and microscopic anatomy of the brainstem, provide anatomoclinical correlations, and illustrate a few clinical cases of cavernous malformations in the most common brainstem areas.

Operative technique for modified radical neck dissection in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy. Recently, controversy has focused on the management of lymph node metastases, which represent approximately 90% of disease recurrences and may require considerable time, effort, and resources to diagnose and treat. Current intense postoperative surveillance by endocrinologists nationwide has the sensitivity to detect even minute lymph node metastases using ultrasonography, radioactive iodine scan, and thyroglobulin monitoring.