Inflammatory and bone remodelling related biomarkers following periodontal transplantation of the tissue engineered biocomplex.

Objectives: To assess gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of inflammatory and bone remodelling related biomarkers following transplantation of a tissue-engineered biocomplex into intrabony defects at several time-points over 12-months.

Materials And Methods: Group-A (n = 9) received the Minimal Access Flap (MAF) surgical technique combined with a biocomplex of autologous clinical-grade alveolar bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells in collagen scaffolds enriched with an autologous fibrin/platelet lysate (aFPL). Group-B (n = 10) received the MAF surgery, with collagen scaffolds enriched with aFPL and Group-C (n = 8) received the MAF surgery alone.

The role of acquired host immunity in periodontal diseases.

The aim of this narrative review is to relate the contribution of European researchers to the complex topic of the host immune system in periodontal disease, focusing on acquired immunity. Other chapters in this volume will address the genetics and autoantibody responses and other forms of immunity to periodontal disease. While the contribution of European authors is the focus, global literature is included in this descriptive narrative for contextual clarity, albeit many with European co-authors.

Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in saliva of cats with feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion.

Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion (FORL) is an inflammatory oral disease of unknown aetiopathogenesis that affects between 20% to 75% of cats. Twenty immune-associated molecules were measured in saliva of 25 healthy and 40 cats with FORL using a multiplex assay. No statistically significant differences were observed in the levels of these proteins between the healthy group and the diseased group of cats.

Expression of Toll-like receptor and cytokine mRNAs in feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion (FORL) and feline oral health.

Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion (FORL) is a common chronic inflammatory condition whose aetiopathogenesis remains unclear. FORL affects 20-75% of cats and causes excruciating pain and tooth loss. The purpose of this study was to evaluate chronic inflammation in FORL by assessing differences in Toll-like receptor (TLR) and cytokine transcripts in gingival tissues between diseased and healthy cats.

Microbiome analysis of feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion (FORL) and feline oral health.

Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion (FORL) is one of the most common and painful oral diseases of the cat. It is characterised by tooth resorption due to destructive activity of odontoclasts. FORL can result in tooth loss.

Do Adhesive Flash-free Brackets Affect Bacterial Plaque in Patients with Adequate Oral Hygiene? A Randomised Controlled Clinical and Microbiological Assessment.

Purpose: To compare adhesive flash-free (FF) and adhesive pre-coated (APC) brackets in terms of plaque retention and constituents, gingival biomarkers and enamel demineralisation.

Materials And Methods: Fifty adolescents (mean age ± SD; 14.23 ± 0.

Effects of smoking on non-surgical periodontal therapy in patients with periodontitis Stage III or IV, and Grade C.

Background: To evaluate possible effects of smoking on clinical, biochemical, and microbiological outcomes of non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with periodontitis Stage III or IV and Grade C.

Methods: Conventional quadrant-wise non-surgical periodontal treatment was performed and whole-mouth periodontal measurements were recorded at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months after completion of treatment. Saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, subgingival plaque, and blood samples were obtained at the same time points.

Cholinergic signalling mechanisms and early implant healing phases in healthy versus generalized aggressive periodontitis patients: A prospective, case-control study.

Aims: Periodontal diseases negatively affect implant osseointegration. Perturbations in non-neuronal cholinergic signalling mechanisms are associated with periodontitis; however, their role in generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) is unknown. The aim of this prospective case-control study was to determine the relationship between non-neuronal cholinergic signalling mechanisms, secreted Ly-6/uPAR-related protein-1 (SLURP-1), interleukin-17 (IL-17) family cytokines and healing of dental implants in health and GAgP.

Plaque Accumulation and Inflammation Adjacent to Restorations of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate-containing Composite in Early Childhood Caries.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical, biochemical, and microbiological reactions to nanocomposite containing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) in comparison to a traditional composite restorative material in early childhood caries.

Materials And Methods: Eighteen teeth were restored with the test material (ACP-containing resin) and 18 teeth were restored with the control material (traditional composite, TC) in fourteen paediatric patients using a split-mouth design. One caries- and restoration-free intact tooth in each patient was selected as the healthy control.

Evaluating Strain Dependent Characteristics in a Polymicrobial Biofilm Community.

The purpose of this study was to investigate strain dependent differences of the cariogenic biofilm forming within both simple and complex communities. A mono-species containing representative clinical isolates (caries and non-caries), and a multispecies caries biofilm model containing , , and , and either of two representative clinical isolates (caries and non-caries), was developed as a comparison model. Compositional analysis of total and live bacteria within biofilms, and transcriptional analysis of biofilm associated virulence factors were evaluated by live/dead PCR and quantitative PCR, respectively.

Clinical associations between acetylcholine levels and cholinesterase activity in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid and periodontal diseases.

Aim: The oral mucosa possesses a non-neuronal cholinergic system. This study aimed to determine clinical evidence for a role of cholinergic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.

Materials And Methods: Fifty healthy participants, 52 patients with gingivitis and 49 with periodontitis were recruited.

Evaluation of tissue levels of Toll-like receptors and cytokine mRNAs associated with bovine periodontitis and oral health.

Bovine periodontitis is a progressive and purulent infection associated with an anaerobic subgingival biofilm, which induces irreversible damage to the dentition of affected animals. The aetiopathogenesis of the disease is unclear and treatment and control of the disease process in cattle are almost unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the innate immune response by quantifying expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) and cytokine genes in gingival tissue samples from cattle with and without periodontitis.

Microbiomes associated with bovine periodontitis and oral health.

Periodontitis is an infectious polymicrobial, immuno-inflammatory disease of multifactorial aetiology that has an impact on the health, production and welfare of ruminants. The objective of the present study was to determine the microbial profiles present in the gingival sulcus of cattle considered periodontally healthy and in the periodontal pocket of animals with periodontitis lesions using high-throughput bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Subgingival biofilm samples were collected from 40 cattle with periodontitis and 38 periodontally healthy animals.

Intraoral versus extraoral cementation of implant-supported single crowns: Clinical, biomarker, and microbiological comparisons.

Objectives: Implant supported single metal-ceramic crowns cemented either extraorally or intraorally were comparatively evaluated by clinical, radiologic, biomarker, and microbiological parameters.

Materials And Methods: Twelve patients with bilateral single tooth gap in the maxillary posterior region received two locking-taper implants; 4.5 mm width, 8 mm length.

Microbiome of peri-implantitis affected and healthy dental sites in patients with a history of chronic periodontitis.

Objective: To determine the composition of the microbiome of peri-implantitis sites and corresponding dental sites in subjects with a history of chronic periodontitis.

Design: Clinical and radiographic examination assessed the periodontal/peri-implant disease status. Plaque samples were collected from one diseased implant with peri-implantitis, functional for at least two years and healthy sites in ten non-smokers who had received periodontal treatment prior to implant placement.

The Anti-Adhesive Effect of Curcumin on Biofilms on Denture Materials.

The use of natural compounds as an alternative source of antimicrobials has become a necessity given the growing concern over global antimicrobial resistance. Polyphenols, found in various edible plants, offers one potential solution to this. We aimed to investigate the possibility of using curcumin within the context of oral health as a way of inhibiting and preventing the harmful development of biofilms.

Biomarkers and Bacteria Around Implants and Natural Teeth in the Same Individuals.

Background: This cross-sectional study assesses cytokine levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF)/gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and a selection of subgingival/submucosal plaque bacteria from clinically healthy or diseased sites in the same individuals.

Methods: Samples from 97 implants/teeth (58 implants [19 healthy, 20 mucositis, 19 peri-implantitis] and 39 natural teeth [19 healthy, 12 gingivitis, eight periodontitis] in 15 systemically healthy patients were investigated by immunoassay and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Samples were obtained first, with probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, plaque index scores, and keratinized tissue width then recorded.

Prevalence of feline calicivirus in cats with odontoclastic resorptive lesions and chronic gingivostomatitis.

Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion (FORL) and feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) are two of the most common diseases of the feline oral cavity. While evidence is emerging that FCGS is caused by gingival inflammation initiated and perpetuated by the oral microbiota, little is known in this regard for FORL. Feline calicivirus (FCV) has been associated with the presence of FCGS and is thought to play a role in the initiation of this disease.

The application of phenotypic microarray analysis to anti-fungal drug development.

Candida albicans metabolic activity in the presence and absence of acetylcholine was measured using phenotypic microarray analysis. Acetylcholine inhibited C. albicans biofilm formation by slowing metabolism independent of biofilm forming capabilities.

Candida albicans biofilm heterogeneity does not influence denture stomatitis but strongly influences denture cleansing capacity.

Approximately 20  % of the UK population wear some form of denture prosthesis, resulting in denture stomatitis in half of these individuals. Candida albicans is primarily attributed as the causative agent, due to its biofilm -forming ability. Recently, there has been increasing evidence of C.

The microbiome associated with equine periodontitis and oral health.

Equine periodontal disease is a common and painful condition and its severe form, periodontitis, can lead to tooth loss. Its aetiopathogenesis remains poorly understood despite recent increased awareness of this disorder amongst the veterinary profession. Bacteria have been found to be causative agents of the disease in other species, but current understanding of their role in equine periodontitis is extremely limited.

Effect of gingival inflammation on the inflammatory response in patients with idiopathic uveitis.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the levels of 11 oral species in plaque samples and cytokine levels in biofluid samples of patients with idiopathic uveitis (IU) and systemically healthy individuals (H) with or without gingival inflammation.

Material & Methods: Twenty-one patients with IU (n = 21), and 22 systemically healthy individuals (n = 22) were enrolled in the study. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded.

Smoking, Porphyromonas gingivalis and the immune response to citrullinated autoantigens before the clinical onset of rheumatoid arthritis in a Southern European nested case-control study.

Background: Antibodies to citrullinated proteins (ACPA) occur years before RA diagnosis. Porphyromonas gingivalis expresses its own peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD), and is a proposed aetiological factor for the ACPA response. Smoking is a risk factor for both ACPA-positive RA and periodontitis.

Dentures are a Reservoir for Respiratory Pathogens.

Purpose: Recent studies have established a relationship between dental plaque and pulmonary infection, particularly in elderly individuals. Given that approximately one in five adults in the UK currently wears a denture, there remains a gap in our understanding of the direct implications of denture plaque on systemic health. The aim of this study was to undertake a comprehensive evaluation of putative respiratory pathogens residing upon dentures using a targeted quantitative molecular approach.