Natural history of pituitary apoplexy: a long-term follow-up study.

Background And Aims: Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a rare neurosurgical emergency, associated with deficiency of one or more pituitary hormones. Few studies have explored the relative outcomes associated with conservative and neurosurgical intervention.

Methods: A retrospective evaluation of all patients with PA reviewed at Morriston Hospital was undertaken and diagnosis was obtained from Morriston database (Leicester Clinical Workstation database) between 1998 and 2019 from clinic letters and discharge summaries.

Dapagliflozin is associated with improved glycaemic control and weight reduction at 44 months of follow-up in a secondary care diabetes clinic in the UK.

Background And Aims: We examined HbA1c and cardiovascular risk factors with a median follow-up of 44 months therapy with dapagliflozin.

Methods: We undertook a clinical practice evaluation of 101 patients attending our clinic.

Results: Dapagliflozin resulted in a significant reduction in HbA1c 82.

Hypophosphataemia: an important cause of collapse.

We present a case of a 44-year-old man, civil servant, who presented to the emergency department (ED) following an episode of collapse. He was usually fit and well and while at work he had developed a headache with pins and needles over his face and subsequently collapsed. On arrival to ED, he had a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 4/15.

Real-world clinical experience of Xultophy in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes in a secondary care clinic.

Aims: Xultophy is the first fixed co-formulation pen containing insulin degludec and the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue liraglutide, authorized for type 2 diabetes patients since 2014. The aim was to review the clinical effectiveness of Xultophy across two hospitals in Wales.

Methods: Retrospective review of patients commenced on Xultophy between April 2016 and January 2018 was taken.

AMSSM Position Statement on Cardiovascular Preparticipation Screening in Athletes: Current evidence, knowledge gaps, recommendations and future directions.

Cardiovascular screening in young athletes is widely recommended and routinely performed prior to participation in competitive sports. While there is general agreement that early detection of cardiac conditions at risk for sudden cardiac arrest and death (SCA/D) is an important objective, the optimal strategy for cardiovascular screening in athletes remains an issue of considerable debate. At the centre of the controversy is the addition of a resting ECG to the standard preparticipation evaluation using history and physical examination.

AMSSM Position Statement on Cardiovascular Preparticipation Screening in Athletes: Current Evidence, Knowledge Gaps, Recommendations and Future Directions.

Cardiovascular screening in young athletes is widely recommended and routinely performed prior to participation in competitive sports. While there is general agreement that early detection of cardiac conditions at risk for sudden cardiac arrest and death (SCA/D) is an important objective, the optimal strategy for cardiovascular screening in athletes remains an issue of considerable debate. At the center of the controversy is the addition of a resting electrocardiogram (ECG) to the standard preparticipation evaluation using history and physical examination.

AMSSM Position Statement on Cardiovascular Preparticipation Screening in Athletes: Current Evidence, Knowledge Gaps, Recommendations, and Future Directions.

Cardiovascular (CV) screening in young athletes is widely recommended and routinely performed before participation in competitive sports. While there is general agreement that early detection of cardiac conditions at risk for sudden cardiac arrest and death (SCA/D) is an important objective, the optimal strategy for CV screening in athletes remains an issue of considerable debate. At the center of the controversy is the addition of a resting electrocardiogram (ECG) to the standard preparticipation evaluation using history and physical examination.

The impact of diagnosis: measuring the psychological response to being diagnosed with serious or potentially lethal cardiac disease in young competitive athletes.

Aim: To determine the psychological impact of athletes diagnosed with cardiac disease.

Methods And Design: Athletes diagnosed with cardiovascular disorders were recruited to complete the Impact of Event Scale (IES), a validated tool measuring responses to a traumatic event. IES scoring =0-88 (<12= normal, 12-32=recommend monitoring, >33=significant stress reaction).

Electrocardiography-inclusive screening strategies for detection of cardiovascular abnormalities in high school athletes.

Background: The best protocol for cardiovascular preparticipation screening (PPS) in young athletes is uncertain.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the value of integrating electrocardiographic (ECG) testing with standard history and physical examination during PPS to identify potentially serious cardiovascular abnormalities in young athletes.

Methods: A total of 2017 high school athletes seeking clearance for competitive sports were prospectively evaluated using a standardized history and physical examination, 12-lead ECG, and two-dimensional echocardiogram (echo).

Persistent primary hypogonadism associated with anabolic steroid abuse.

Objective: To report a case of primary gonadal failure due to the chronic abuse of anabolic steroids used for bodybuilding.

Design: Case report.

Setting: Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom.

Is surgical intervention frequently required for medically managed macroprolactinomas? A study of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea.

Background: The frequency of spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea in macroprolactinoma patients is poorly documented and was previously thought to be a very rare occurrence.

Methods: Thirty patients with macroprolactinomas (>1.0 cm diameter) identified from the Swansea neuroendocrine database were studied retrospectively.

Are blood pressure levels taken during a secondary care diabetic clinic likely to be higher than when measured in primary care?

Blood pressure management guidelines are widely available. Our aim was to examine differences in blood pressure on the same subjects in primary and secondary care. We identified 661 diabetic subjects with measurements with the aid of the SAIL databank.