Comparing Patient Communication Event Demand for External Ring Fixators to Other Common Foot and Ankle Orthopaedic Procedures: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Surgeons may hesitate to apply external ring fixators (ERFs) due to perceived high clinical burden. This study aims to quantify the relative demand of ERFs compared with other common foot and ankle procedures. Understanding the demand of ERFs can provide insights into postoperative experiences, potentially decreasing intimidation of their use.

Republication of "Congenital Dislocation of the Fifth Metatarsophalangeal Joint in Adults: Operative Technique".

Congenital dislocation of the fifth metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint can cause significant limitations in a patient's ability to wear a closed shoe. Historic treatment has involved amputation of the digit or attempts at reconstruction. These techniques have had limited success with unreliable correction and/or unacceptable cosmesis.

Hammertoe correction with wire fixation of varying length.

Background: Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint fusion with Kirschner (K) -wire fixation remains a popular strategy for hammertoe correction. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of length of wire fixation on clinical outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective review of all hammertoe reconstructions by a single surgeon was performed.

Evaluation and Treatment of Chronic Plantar Fasciitis.

Unlabelled: Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of chronic heel pain in adults, affecting both young active patients and older sedentary individuals. It results from repetitive stress to the plantar fascia at its origin on the medial tubercle of the calcaneus and is often associated with gastrocnemius tightness. The diagnosis can be made clinically with a focused history and physical examination; imaging is reserved for atypical presentations and those that do not respond to initial treatment.

Radiographic assessment of the subtalar joint: An evaluation of the Kellgren-Lawrence scale and proposal of a novel scale.

Objective: To evaluate the reliability of grading subtalar (ST) arthrosis on lateral weightbearing radiographs in a heterogenous patient population using the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) scale, correlate these findings to advanced imaging (CT and/or MRI), and to validate a novel scale.

Materials And Methods: A random collection of 40 lateral weightbearing radiographs presenting to a foot and ankle clinic were reviewed by nine multi-disciplinary independent reviewers. Interobserver reliability was assessed for KL scores.

Failure of Indomethacin and Radiation to Prevent Blast-induced Heterotopic Ossification in a Sprague-Dawley Rat Model.

Background: Although use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and low-dose irradiation has demonstrated efficacy in preventing heterotopic ossification (HO) after THA and surgical treatment of acetabular fractures, these modalities have not been assessed after traumatic blast amputations where HO is a common complication that can arise in the residual limb.

Questions/purposes: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of indomethacin and irradiation in preventing HO induced by high-energy blast trauma in a rat model.

Methods: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats underwent hind limb blast amputation with a submerged explosive under water followed by irrigation and primary wound closure.

Pulsatile Lavage of Musculoskeletal Wounds Causes Muscle Necrosis and Dystrophic Calcification in a Rat Model.

Background: Adequate irrigation of open musculoskeletal injuries is considered the standard of care to decrease bacterial load and other contaminants. While the benefit of debris removal compared with the risk of further seeding by high-pressure lavage has been studied, the effects of irrigation on muscle have been infrequently reported. Our aim in the present study was to assess relative damage to muscle by pulsatile lavage compared with bulb-syringe irrigation.

Does Blast Medium Affect Heterotopic Ossification in a Blast-amputation Model?

Background: Heterotopic ossification (HO) develops after nearly 2/3 of traumatic blast amputations in the contemporary battlefield. This phenomenon has potentially devastating consequences for servicemen and women and its pathophysiology warrants further investigation using a previously developed animal blast model.

Questions/purposes: We asked, what is the (1) severity (quantity) and (2) type (location) of HO bone formation after a hindlimb blast amputation with two distinct blast media.

Prefrontal cognitive deficits in mice with altered cerebral cortical GABAergic interneurons.

Alterations of inhibitory GABAergic neurons are implicated in multiple psychiatric and neurological disorders, including schizophrenia, autism and epilepsy. In particular, interneuron deficits in prefrontal areas, along with presumed decreased inhibition, have been reported in several human patients. The majority of forebrain GABAergic interneurons arise from a single subcortical source before migrating to their final regional destination.

Incidence of contralateral THA after index THA for osteoarthritis.

Background: Currently more than 200,000 THAs are performed annually in the United States. In patients with bilateral disease, the chance of subsequent contralateral THA reportedly ranges from 16% to 85%. Factors influencing contralateral THA are not completely understood.

Astrocyte-mediated hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor supplementation restores GABAergic interneurons and corrects reversal learning deficits in mice.

Many psychiatric and neurological disorders present persistent neuroanatomical abnormalities in multiple brain regions that may reflect a common origin for a developmental disturbance. In mammals, many of the local GABAergic inhibitory interneurons arise from a single subcortical source. Perturbations in the ontogeny of the GABAergic interneurons may be reflected in the adult by interneuron deficits in both frontal cerebral cortical and striatal regions.