Latino dentists in the U.S. Census from 1980 to 2019: Implications for dental care access.

Objectives: This study describes the supply of Latino dentists in the United States from 1980 to 2019, as tabulated by the Census. The number of Latino dentists per 100,000 Latino population was compared to the number of non-Hispanic White (NHW) dentists per 100,000 NHW population. These four-decade comparisons were made for the entire country as well as the five states having the largest Latino populations.

The Latino Resident Physician Shortage: A Challenge and Opportunity for Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the number of Latino physicians in residency training and Latino resident physician trends in the nation's 10 largest medical specialties in the United States and in the 4 states with the largest Latino populations: California, Florida, New York, and Texas.

Method: The authors used data from the United States Census Bureau's American Community Survey to determine Latino populations and a special report from the Association of American Medical Colleges to determine rates of Latino resident physicians in the United States and in California, Florida, New York, and Texas from 2001 to 2017. Rates of Latino residents in the nation's 10 specialties with the largest number of residents were also determined.

Post-Pandemic Telehealth Policy for Primary Care: An Equity Perspective.

National telehealth policy thus far has focused on broadening access to service, specialties, and originating sites. Yet telehealth policy can further equity by providing system-level change needed to reduce structural determinants that hamper telehealth access in historically marginalized, low income, and limited English-speaking populations. The authors propose policy solutions for states and CMS to help address these structural determinants of telehealth care.

Latina Women in the U.S. Physician Workforce: Opportunities in the Pursuit of Health Equity.

Purpose: Some progress has been made in gender diversity in undergraduate medical education and the physician workforce, but much remains to be done to improve workforce disparities for women, particularly women from underrepresented populations, such as Latinas. This study examines the current level of representation and demographic characteristics of Latina physicians, including age, language use, nativity, and citizenship status.

Method: The authors used data from the 2014-2018 U.

Office of Management and Budget Racial/Ethnic Categories in Mortality Research: A Framework for Including the Voices of Racialized Communities.

Since its founding, the US government has sorted people into racial/ethnic categories for the purpose of allowing or disallowing their access to social services and protections. The current Office of Management and Budget racial/ethnic categories originated in a dominant racial narrative that assumed a binary biological difference between Whites and non-Whites, with a hard-edged separation between them. There is debate about their continued use in researching group differences in mortality profiles and health outcomes: should we use them with modifications, cease using them entirely, or develop a new epistemology of human similarities and differences? This essay offers a research framework for including in these debates the daily lived experiences of the 110 million racialized non-White Americans whose lived experiences are the legacy of historically limited access to society's services and protections.

Meeting them where they are on the web: addressing structural barriers for Latinos in telehealth care.

As we enter an era of health care that incorporates telehealth for routine provision of care, we can build a system that consciously and proactively includes vulnerable patients, thereby avoiding further exacerbation of health disparities. A practical way to reach out to Latino patients is to use media they already widely use. Rather than expect patients to adapt to suboptimal systems of telehealth care, we can improve telehealth for Latinos by using platforms already familiar to them and thereby refocus telehealth delivery systems to provide patient-centered care.

The Epidemiology of Diversity: COVID-19 Case Rate Patterns in California.

California's diverse population provides a natural laboratory for understanding how diseases and conditions interact within different racial/ethnic groups. This report seeks to illustrate the differential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in the state's "majority-minority" population and to discuss the resulting implications for public health. Laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in California (disaggregated by race/ethnicity into mutually exclusive groups) were integrated with their respective population values to create case rates per 100,000 population, categorized by age group and race/ethnicity.

Corrigendum: Plant-Based Diets Are Associated With Lower Adiposity Levels Among Hispanic/Latino Adults in the Adventist Multi-Ethnic Nutrition (AMEN) Study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.

Plant-Based Diets Are Associated With Lower Adiposity Levels Among Hispanic/Latino Adults in the Adventist Multi-Ethnic Nutrition (AMEN) Study.

The Hispanic/Latino population in the US is experiencing high rates of obesity and cardio-metabolic disease that may be attributable to a nutrition transition away from traditional diets emphasizing whole plant foods. In the US, plant-based diets have been shown to be effective in preventing and controlling obesity and cardio-metabolic disease in large samples of primarily non-Hispanic subjects. Studying this association in US Hispanic/Latinos could inform culturally tailored interventions.

Racially Ambiguous Babies and Racial Narratives in the United States: A Growing Contradiction for Health Disparities Research.

Researchers attempting to identify and track health disparities and inequities generally use five racial or ethnic (R/E) categories-four racial groups (white, black, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian) and one ethnic group (Hispanic)-to analyze and predict variations in health outcomes in the overall U.S. population.

Plant-Based Diets in Hispanic/Latino Adult Adventists in the United States and Their Association With Body Mass Index.

Purpose: To characterize plant-based dietary practices and examine their relationship with body mass index (BMI) in Hispanic/Latino Seventh-day Adventists (SDA).

Design: Cross-sectional analyses of data among Hispanics/Latinos in the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2).

Setting: The AHS-2 is a cohort of SDA adults (n = 96 592) in North America.

California And The Changing American Narrative On Diversity, Race, And Health.

The historical narrative on diversity, race, and health would predict that California's population change from 22 percent racial/ethnic minority in 1970 to 62 percent in 2016 would lead to a massive health crisis with high mortality rates, low life expectancy, and high infant mortality rates-particularly given the state's high rates of negative social determinants of health: poverty, high school incompletion, and uninsurance. We present data that suggest an alternative narrative: In spite of these negative factors, California has very low rates of mortality and infant mortality and long life expectancy. This alternative implies that racial diversity may offer opportunities for good health outcomes and that community agency may be a positive determinant.

Strengthening the Community College Pathway to Medical School: A Study of Latino Students in California.

Background And Objectives: One third of Latino medical students begin their premedical undergraduate education at a community college (CC) or 2-year college, compared to a 4-year university. This study explored the academic and personal experiences Latino premedical students commonly encounter at the CC.

Methods: In 2013, five focus groups with Latino premedical and medical students (n=45) were conducted in Los Angeles and San Jose, CA.

Latino Nurses in the United States: An Overview of Three Decades (1980-2010).

Objective: This study aims to provide demographic data on the 5.4% of U.S.

Latino Physicians in the United States, 1980-2010: A Thirty-Year Overview From the Censuses.

Purpose: To update and extend a 2000 study on the California Latino physician workforce, the authors examined the Latino physician workforce in the 30-year time frame spanning 1980 to 2010, comparing changes in the rates of physicians per 100,000 population for the Latino and non-Hispanic white (NHW) populations in the United States as a whole and in the five states with (in 2010) the largest Latino populations.

Method: The authors used detailed data from the U.S.

Undocumented students pursuing medical education: The implications of deferred action for childhood arrivals (DACA).

There are about 1.8 million young immigrants in the United States who came or were brought to the country without documentation before the age of 16. These youth have been raised and educated in the United States and have aspirations and educational achievements similar to those of their native-born peers.

The Latino adolescent male mortality peak revisited: attribution of homicide and motor vehicle crash death.

Objective: The Latino Epidemiologic Paradox describes favourable health profiles for Latinos compared to non-Latino whites despite poverty, low education, and low access to healthcare. The objective of this study was to determine if the anomaly to the Latino Epidemiological Paradox and the Latino Adolescent Male Mortality Peak in California mortality data persists.

Methods: Cases were California residents (1999-2006) of any race and ethnicity that died (N = 1,866,743) in California from any cause of death.

The rise and fall of the Latino dentist supply in California: implications for dental education.

The purpose of this study was to determine the number of Latino dentists in California, identify the schools and countries where they were educated, and compare Latino dentist demographics with that of the state's new demographics. From the 2000 California Department of Consumer Affairs list of 25,273 dentists, we identified Latino U.S.

Hepatitis A: the burden among Latino children in California.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of Hepatitis A within subpopulations of southern California counties.

Material And Methods: Age and race/ethnic-specific hepatitis A rates were derived from the California Department of Health Services Surveillance and Statistics Section for 1996-2001 and from demographic data of the California Department of Finance.

Results: 2.

Acculturation and Latino health in the United States: a review of the literature and its sociopolitical context.

This chapter provides an overview of the concept of acculturation and reviews existing evidence about the possible relationships between acculturation and selected health and behavioral outcomes among Latinos. The effect of acculturation on Latino health is complex and not well understood. In certain areas-substance abuse, dietary practices, and birth outcomes-there is evidence that acculturation has a negative effect and that it is associated with worse health outcomes, behaviors, or perceptions.

An anomaly within the Latino epidemiological paradox: the Latino adolescent male mortality peak.

Objective: To describe the anomaly of the Latino adolescent male mortality peak in relation to the overall Latino epidemiological paradox and in relation to the need for new conceptual models describing the health of a culturally diverse population.

Design: Population-based study using California's 1989 to 1997 summary death files for death-related information and the State of California Department of Finance population estimates for population denominators for corresponding years.

Participants: California's general population for 1989 to 1997, including California's 15- to 19-year-old and 20- to 24-year-old populations.

The intellectual basis for Latino AIDS policy: towards the humanities and health policy.

The AIDS epidemic touches upon basic humanities themes: sex, death and social worth, to name just three. AIDS policy in general builds upon society's discourse on these topics. The growing Latino population (25% of California and Texas) needs an AIDS policy that builds upon the Latino humanities tradition.