A paradigm shift for socioeconomic justice and health: from focusing on inequalities to aiming at sustainable equity.

Objectives: To measure the 'best possible health for all', incorporating sustainability, and to establish the magnitude of global health inequity.

Study Design: Observational, retrospective.

Methods: We identified countries with three criteria: (1) a healthy population-life expectancy above world average; (2) living conditions feasible to replicate worldwide-per-capita gross domestic product (GDP-pc) below the world average; and (3) sustainability-per-capita carbon dioxide emissions lower than the planetary pollution boundary.

Association between Depression and C-Reactive Protein.

Objective. Depression has been associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk, and a depression-related elevation of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) has been proposed as a possible mechanism. The objective of this paper is to examine association between depression and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).

Could dietary seaweed reverse the metabolic syndrome?

Incidence of the metabolic syndrome is increasing worldwide, with notable exceptions of some Asian countries where seaweeds are commonly consumed. 13 men (mean age 47.4+/-9.

Seasonal and sex variation of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in healthy adults: a longitudinal study.

Background: Cross-sectional studies have reported seasonal variation in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). However, longitudinal data are lacking.

Methods: We collected data on diet, physical activity, psychosocial factors, physiology, and anthropometric measurements from 534 healthy adults (mean age 48 years, 48.

Association between dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.

Objective: This study examined the relation between quality of dietary carbohydrate intake, as measured by glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL), and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels.

Methods: During a 1-y observational study, data were collected at baseline and at each quarter thereafter. GI and GL were calculated from multiple 24-h dietary recalls (24HRs), 3 randomly selected 24HRs at every quarter, with up to 15 24HRs per participant.

Dietary quality 1 year after diagnosis of coronary heart disease.

Objective: The purpose of this ancillary study is to determine the quality of diets in patients with documented coronary heart disease (CHD).

Design: Dietary data were originally collected using a 24-hour dietary recall in 555 patients with CHD, 1 year after a diagnostic coronary angiography. Data used for this investigation were collected between March 2001 and November 2003.

Gender differences in predictors of body weight and body weight change in healthy adults.

Background: Overweight and obesity are important predictors of a wide variety of health problems. Analysis of naturally occurring changes in body weight can provide valuable insights in improving our understanding of the influence of demographic, lifestyle, and psychosocial factors on weight gain in middle-age adults.

Objective: To identify gender-specific predictors of body weight using cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.

A randomized clinical trial comparing low-glycemic index versus ADA dietary education among individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: We compared the effects of a low glycemic index (GI) diet with the American Diabetes Association (ADA) diet on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) among individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Forty individuals with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes were randomized to a low-GI or an ADA diet. The intervention, consisting of eight educational sessions (monthly for the first 6 mo and then at months 8 and 10), focused on a low-GI or an ADA diet.

Low-carbohydrate and high-fat intake among adult patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: This study examined baseline dietary intake, body weight, and physiologic status in patients enrolled in a dietary intervention for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Dietary, physiologic, and demographic information were collected at baseline from 40 adult patients with poorly controlled T2DM (glycosylated hemoglobin >7%) who participated in a clinical trial at an academic medical center in Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.

Results: The average age at enrollment was 53.

Association between carbohydrate intake and serum lipids.

Background: The effect of dietary carbohydrate on blood lipids has received considerable attention in light of the current trend in lowering carbohydrate intake for weight loss.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between carbohydrate intake and serum lipids.

Methods: Blood samples and 24-hour dietary and physical activity recall interviews were obtained from each subject at quarterly intervals for five consecutive quarters between 1994 and 1998 from 574 healthy adults in Central Massachusetts.

Seasonal variation in serum cholesterol levels: treatment implications and possible mechanisms.

Background: A variety of studies have noted seasonal variation in blood lipid levels. Although the mechanism for this phenomenon is not clear, such variation could result in larger numbers of people being diagnosed as having hypercholesterolemia during the winter.

Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study of seasonal variation in lipid levels in 517 healthy volunteers from a health maintenance organization serving central Massachusetts.

Barriers to preventive interventions for coronary heart disease.

Many barriers exist to the delivery of preventive services by cardiologists and other physicians. Appropriate training and the development of supportive infrastructures can effectively overcome these barriers. In addition, institutional priorities must change to encourage such efforts.