A core curriculum in the biological and biomedical sciences for dentistry.

Introduction: The biomedical sciences (BMS) are a central part of the dental curriculum that underpins teaching and clinical practice in all areas of dentistry. Although some specialist groups have proposed curricula in their particular topic areas, there is currently no overarching view of what should be included in a BMS curriculum for undergraduate dental programmes. To address this, the Association for Dental Education in Europe (ADEE) convened a Special Interest Group (SIG) with representatives from across Europe to develop a consensus BMS curriculum for dental programmes.

Instruments to measure the ability to self-reflect: A systematic review of evidence from workplace and educational settings including health care.

Introduction: Self-reflection has become recognised as a core skill in dental education, although the ability to self-reflect is valued and measured within several professions. This review appraises the evidence for instruments available to measure the self-reflective ability of adults studying or working within any setting, not just health care.

Materials And Methods: A systematic review was conducted of 20 electronic databases (including Medline, ERIC, CINAHL and Business Source Complete) from 1975 to 2017, supplemented by citation searches.

spp. target human CEACAM1 via the trimeric autotransporter adhesin CbpF.

, and are pathogenic bacteria adapted to reside on human respiratory mucosal epithelia. One common feature of these species is their ability to target members of the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) family, especially CEACAM1, which is achieved via structurally distinct ligands expressed by each species. Beside respiratory epithelial cells, cells at the dentogingival junction express high levels of CEACAM1.

Mental health in medical, dentistry and veterinary students: cross-sectional online survey.

Background: The mental health of university students, especially medical students, is of growing concern in the UK.

Aim: To estimate the prevalence of mental disorder in health sciences students and investigate help-seeking behaviour.

Method: An online survey from one English university ( = 1139; 53% response rate) collected data on depression (using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire), anxiety (seven-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment), alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), self-harm and well-being, as well as help seeking.

Microbiological assessment of aerosol generated during debond of fixed orthodontic appliances.

Introduction: The aims of this study were to describe bacterial load and diversity of the aerosol created during enamel cleanup after the removal of fixed orthodontic appliances and to assess the effect of a preprocedural mouth rinse.

Methods: The study involved the sampling of ambient air adjacent to the patient's mouth during adhesive removal using a slow-speed handpiece and a spiral fluted tungsten carbide bur without water irrigation. Sampling was carried out during enamel cleanup with or without a preprocedural mouth rinse of either sterile water or chlorhexidine.

Comparative Genome Analysis of Fusobacterium nucleatum.

Fusobacterium nucleatum is considered to be a key oral bacterium in recruiting periodontal pathogens into subgingival dental plaque. Currently F. nucleatum can be subdivided into five subspecies.

Axenic culture of a candidate division TM7 bacterium from the human oral cavity and biofilm interactions with other oral bacteria.

The diversity of bacterial species in the human oral cavity is well recognized, but a high proportion of them are presently uncultivable. Candidate division TM7 bacteria are almost always detected in metagenomic studies but have not yet been cultivated. In this paper, we identified candidate division TM7 bacterial phylotypes in mature plaque samples from around orthodontic bonds in subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment.

Concentrations of stromal cell-derived factor-1 in serum, plasma, and synovial fluid of horses with osteochondral injury.

Objective: To determine whether stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) concentrations in serum, plasma, and synovial fluid differed among untrained, race-trained, and osteochondral-injured Thoroughbred racehorses.

Animals: 22 racehorses without osteochondral injury and 37 racehorses with osteochondral injury.

Procedures: Horses without osteochondral injury were examined before and after 5 to 6 months of race training.

Genome Sequence of Fusobacterium nucleatum Strain W1481, a Possible New Subspecies Isolated from a Periodontal Pocket.

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a bacterial species commonly detected in dental plaque within the human oral cavity, with some strains associated with periodontal disease, one of the most common clinical bacterial infections in the human body. The exact mechanisms of its pathogenesis are still not completely understood. In this study, we present the genome sequence and annotation of F.

Genome Sequence of Parvimonas micra Strain A293, Isolated from an Abdominal Abscess from a Patient in the United Kingdom.

Parvimonas micra is an important oral microbe that has the ability to grow and proliferate within oral biofilms and is involved in periodontal disease, leading to gingival bleeding, gingival recession, alveolar bone loss, and tooth mobility. However, occasionally these normally oral pathogens can cause infections at other sites in the body. We present the genome sequence of Parvimonas micra strain A293, a smooth Parvimonas micra strain isolated from an abdominal abscess from a patient at Barts Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

Microbial contamination of "as received" and "clinic exposed" orthodontic materials.

Introduction: Our objective was to determine whether components of fixed orthodontic appliances as received from the manufacturers and after exposure to the clinical environment are free from microbial contamination before clinical use. A pilot molecular microbiologic laboratory study was undertaken at a dental hospital in the United Kingdom.

Methods: A range of orthodontic materials "as received" from the manufacturers and materials "exposed" to the clinical environment were studied for bacterial contamination.

Bacterial invasion of HT29-MTX-E12 monolayers: effects of human breast milk.

Aim: The supramucosal gel, crucial for gut barrier function, might be compromised in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Breast milk is associated with a reduced incidence of NEC. We compared the effects of human breast milk (BM) versus a neonatal formula, Nutriprem 1 (FF), on adherence, internalisation, and penetration of NEC-associated Escherichia coli through monolayers of mucus producing intestinal cells, HT29-MTX-E12 (E12).

Treponema denticola chymotrypsin-like proteinase (CTLP) integrates spirochaetes within oral microbial communities.

Treponema denticola is found ubiquitously in the human oral cavity and is mainly associated with bacterial communities implicated in the establishment and development of periodontal disease. The ability to become integrated within biofilm communities is crucial to the growth and survival of oral bacteria, and involves inter-bacterial coaggregation, metabolic cooperation, and synergy against host defences. In this article we show that the chymotrypsin-like proteinase (CTLP), found within a high-molecular-mass complex on the cell surface, mediates adherence of T.

Surface properties of titanium and zirconia dental implant materials and their effect on bacterial adhesion.

Objectives: Zirconia ceramic material has been widely used in implant dentistry. In this in vitro study the physiochemical properties of titanium and zirconia materials were investigated and the affinity of different bacteria to different materials was compared.

Methods: Disc samples with different surface states were used: polished partially stabilized zirconia (PZ), titanium blasted with zirconia (TBZ), titanium blasted with zirconia then acid etched (TBZA), and polished titanium (PT) as a control.

Corrosion of orthodontic appliances--should we care?

Contemporary orthodontics relies on various bonded attachments, archwires, and other devices to achieve tooth movement. These components are composed of varying materials with their own distinctive physical and mechanical properties. The demands made on them are complex because they are placed under many stresses in the oral environment.

The chymotrypsin-like protease complex of Treponema denticola ATCC 35405 mediates fibrinogen adherence and degradation.

Treponema denticola is an anaerobic spirochete strongly associated with human periodontal disease. T. denticola bacteria interact with a range of host tissue proteins, including fibronectin, laminin, and fibrinogen.

Binding properties and adhesion-mediating regions of the major sheath protein of Treponema denticola ATCC 35405.

There is growing evidence that a number of oral Treponema species, in particular Treponema denticola, are associated with the progression of human periodontal disease. The major sheath (or surface) protein (Msp) of T. denticola is implicated in adhesion of bacteria to host cells and tissue proteins and is likely to be an important virulence factor.

Host collagen signal induces antigen I/II adhesin and invasin gene expression in oral Streptococcus gordonii.

Microbial interactions with host molecules, and programmed responses to host environmental stimuli, are critical for colonization and initiation of pathogenesis. Bacteria of the genus Streptococcus are primary colonizers of the human mouth. They express multiple cell-surface adhesins that bind salivary components and other oral bacteria and enable the development of polymicrobial biofilms associated with tooth decay and periodontal disease.

Genetic relatedness and phenotypic characteristics of Treponema associated with human periodontal tissues and ruminant foot disease.

Treponema have been implicated recently in the pathogenesis of digital dermatitis (DD) and contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) that are infectious diseases of bovine and ovine foot tissues, respectively. Previous analyses of treponemal 16S rDNA sequences, PCR-amplified directly from DD or CODD lesions, have suggested relatedness of animal Treponema to some human oral Treponema species isolated from periodontal tissues. In this study a range of adhesion and virulence-related properties of three animal Treponema isolates have been compared with representative human oral strains of Treponema denticola and Treponema vincentii.