Efficacy of Wolbachia-based mosquito control: Predictions of a spatially discrete mathematical model.

Wolbachia is an endosymbiont bacterium present in many insect species. When Wolbachia-carrying male Aedes aegypti mosquitoes mate with non-carrier females, their embryos are not viable due to cytoplasmic incompatibility. This phenomenon has been exploited successfully for the purpose of controlling mosquito populations and the spread of mosquito-borne illnesses: Wolbachia carriers are bred and released into the environment.

Evaluating artificial intelligence software for delineating hemorrhage extent on CT brain imaging in stroke: AI delineation of ICH on CT.

Background: The extent and distribution of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) directly affects clinical management. Artificial intelligence (AI) software can detect and may delineate ICH extent on brain CT. We evaluated e-ASPECTS software (Brainomix Ltd.

Accuracy of artificial intelligence software for CT angiography in stroke.

Objective: Software developed using artificial intelligence may automatically identify arterial occlusion and provide collateral vessel scoring on CT angiography (CTA) performed acutely for ischemic stroke. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of e-CTA by Brainomix™ Ltd by large-scale independent testing using expert reading as the reference standard.

Methods: We identified a large clinically representative sample of baseline CTA from 6 studies that recruited patients with acute stroke symptoms involving any arterial territory.

The influence of alloying on slip intermittency and the implications for dwell fatigue in titanium.

Dwell fatigue, the reduction in fatigue life experienced by titanium alloys due to holds at stresses as low as 60% of yield, has been implicated in several uncontained jet engine failures. Dislocation slip has long been observed to be an intermittent, scale-bridging phenomenon, similar to that seen in earthquakes but at the nanoscale, leading to the speculation that large stress bursts might promote the initial opening of a crack. Here we observe such stress bursts at the scale of individual grains in situ, using high energy X-ray diffraction microscopy in Ti-7Al-O alloys.

External Validation of e-ASPECTS Software for Interpreting Brain CT in Stroke.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to test e-ASPECTS software in patients with stroke. Marketed as a decision-support tool, e-ASPECTS may detect features of ischemia or hemorrhage on computed tomography (CT) imaging and quantify ischemic extent using Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS).

Methods: Using CT from 9 stroke studies, we compared software with masked experts.

Evaluation of Spin in the Abstracts of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Covering Treatments for Achilles Tendon Ruptures.

Background: Approximately 18 in every 100 000 people have experienced a ruptured Achilles tendon. Despite the prevalence of this condition, treatment options remain contested.

Hypothesis/purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of spin-reporting practices that may exaggerate benefit or minimize harm-in abstracts of systematic reviews related to Achilles tendon repair.

Femtosecond quantification of void evolution during rapid material failure.

Understanding high-velocity impact, and the subsequent high strain rate material deformation and potential catastrophic failure, is of critical importance across a range of scientific and engineering disciplines that include astrophysics, materials science, and aerospace engineering. The deformation and failure mechanisms are not thoroughly understood, given the challenges of experimentally quantifying material evolution at extremely short time scales. Here, copper foils are rapidly strained via picosecond laser ablation and probed in situ with femtosecond x-ray free electron (XFEL) pulses.

Predicting dwell fatigue life in titanium alloys using modelling and experiment.

Fatigue is a difficult multi-scale modelling problem nucleating from localised plasticity at the scale of dislocations and microstructure with significant engineering safety implications. Cold dwell fatigue is a phenomenon in titanium where stress holds at moderate temperatures lead to substantial reductions in cyclic life, and has been implicated in service failures. Using discrete dislocation plasticity modelling complemented by transmission electron microscopy, we successfully predict lifetimes for 'worst case' microstructures representative of jet engine spin tests.

Real-world Independent Testing of e-ASPECTS Software (RITeS): statistical analysis plan.

Artificial intelligence-based software may automatically detect ischaemic stroke lesions and provide an Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score (ASPECTS) on CT, and identify arterial occlusion and provide a collateral score on CTA. Large-scale independent testing will inform clinical use, but is lacking. We aim to test e-ASPECTS and e-CTA (Brainomix, Oxford UK) using CT scans obtained from a range of clinical studies.

Ti and its alloys as examples of cryogenic focused ion beam milling of environmentally-sensitive materials.

Hydrogen pick-up leading to hydride formation is often observed in commercially pure Ti (CP-Ti) and Ti-based alloys prepared for microscopic observation by conventional methods, such as electro-polishing and room temperature focused ion beam (FIB) milling. Here, we demonstrate that cryogenic FIB milling can effectively prevent undesired hydrogen pick-up. Specimens of CP-Ti and a Ti dual-phase alloy (Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo, Ti6246, in wt.

Segregation mediated heterogeneous structure in a metastable β titanium alloy with a superior combination of strength and ductility.

In β titanium alloys, the β stabilizers segregate easily and considerable effort has been devoted to alleviate/eliminate the segregation. In this work, instead of addressing the segregation problems, the segregation was utilized to develop a novel microstructure consisting of a nanometre-grained duplex (α+β) structure and micrometre scale β phase with superior mechanical properties. An as-cast Ti-9Mo-6W alloy exhibited segregation of Mo and W at the tens of micrometre scale.

Data on a new beta titanium alloy system reinforced with superlattice intermetallic precipitates.

The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled "a new beta titanium alloy system reinforced with superlattice intermetallic precipitates" (Knowles et al., 2018) [1]. This includes data from the as-cast alloy obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as SEM data in the solution heat treated condition.

Data on a Laves phase intermetallic matrix composite in situ toughened by ductile precipitates.

The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled "Laves phase intermetallic matrix composite in situ toughened by ductile precipitates" (Knowles et al.) [1]. The composite comprised a Fe(Mo, Ti) matrix with bcc (Mo, Ti) precipitated laths produced in situ by an aging heat treatment, which was shown to confer a toughening effect (Knowles et al.

Gating the mechanistic pathway to the elusive 4-membered ring azeteoporphyrin.

Photolysis of metalated (Cu and Ni) and free base 2-diazo-3-oxochlorins within a frozen matrix (λ = 457.9 nm, toluene, 80 K) generates a single photointermediate with a hypsochromically shifted electronic absorption spectrum relative to the starting diazochlorins. The appearance of ketene (~2131 cm(-1)) and azete (~1670 cm(-1)) vibrations in infrared absorption and Raman spectra, respectively, identifies this intermediate as resulting from the Wolff rearrangement of the diazochlorins upon N(2) loss.

A geometric switching approach toward thermal activation of metalloenediynes.

Tetradentate metalloenediynes with strong imine and weaker thioether coordination serve as a geometrically non-rigid switch to drive thermal Bergman cyclization.

Reexamination of lead(II) coordination preferences in sulfur-rich sites: implications for a critical mechanism of lead poisoning.

Recent studies suggest that the developmental toxicity associated with childhood lead poisoning may be attributable to interactions of Pb(II) with proteins containing thiol-rich structural zinc-binding sites. Here, we report detailed structural studies of Pb(II) in such sites, providing critical insights into the mechanism by which lead alters the activity of these proteins. X-ray absorption spectroscopy of Pb(II) bound to structural zinc-binding peptides reveals that Pb(II) binds in a three-coordinate Pb(II)-S(3) mode, while Zn(II) is known to bind in a four-coordinate mode in these proteins.

9,10-Anthracene dicarboxylate bridged complexes with M2 quadruply bonded dimetal units: [[M2(O2CtBu)3]2(mu-9,10-An(CO2)2)], where M = Mo or W.

From the reactions between [M2(O2CtBu)4] and 9,10-anthracenedicarboxylic acid in toluene, the dicarboxylate bridged complexes [[M2(O2CtBu)3]2(mu-9,10An(CO2)2)], have been obtained as microcrystalline yellow (M = Mo) and red (M = W) powders. The powders are soluble in THF forming intense red (M = Mo) and green (M = W) solutions. The electronic absorption spectra in 2-MeTHF have been recorded as a function of temperature (2-298 K) and show a small bathochromic shift on cooling.

Reactivity of the hydrido/nitrosyl radical MHCl(NO)(CO)(P(i)Pr(3))(2), M = Ru, Os.

The reaction of equimolar NO with the 16 electron molecule RuHCl(CO)L(2) (L = P(i)Pr(3)) proceeds, via a radical adduct RuHCl(CO)(NO) L(2), onward to form RuCl(NO)(CO)L(2) (X-ray structure determination) and RuHCl(HNO)(CO)L(2), in a 1:1 mole ratio. The HNO ligand, bound by N and trans to hydride, is rapidly degraded by excess NO. The osmium complex behaves analogously, but the adduct has a higher formation constant, permitting determination of its IR spectrum; both MHCl(CO)(NO)L(2) radicals are characterized by EPR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations on the Ru system show it to have a "half-bent" Ru-N-O unit with the spin density mainly on nitrogen.

An electron-excessive nitrosyl complex: reactivity of a ligand-centered radical leading to coordinated HNO.

The reaction of RuHCl(CO)L(2) (L = P(i)Pr(3)) with NO initially forms a 1:1 adduct, shown by DFT calculations and EPR spectroscopy (including the RuD isotopomer) to contain a bent ( 90 degree angle Ru-N-O = 143.9 degrees ) nitrosyl where the majority of the spin density is on the nitrosyl nitrogen. This radical adduct transforms further to give equimolar RuCl(NO)(CO)L(2) and RuHCl(HNO)(CO)L(2), the latter with hydride trans to the nitroxyl ligand HN=O.