Waist circumference, a body shape index, and molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer: A pooled analysis of four cohort studies.

Background Waist circumference (WC) and its allometric counterpart, "a body shape index" (ABSI), are risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC); however, it is uncertain whether associations with these body measurements are limited to specific molecular subtypes of the disease. Methods Data from 2,772 CRC cases and 3,521 controls were pooled from four cohort studies within the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium. Four molecular markers (BRAF mutation, KRAS mutation, CpG island methylator phenotype, and microsatellite instability) were analysed individually and in combination (Jass-types).

Pathway Polygenic Risk Scores (pPRS) for the Analysis of Gene-environment Interaction.

A polygenic risk score (PRS) is used to quantify the combined disease risk of many genetic variants. For complex human traits there is interest in determining whether the PRS modifies, i.e.

Dataset of dendrometer and environmental parameter measurements of two different species of the group of genera known as eucalypts in South Africa and Portugal.

plantations are a crucial global resource, offering raw materials for industries across five continents, including renewable energy sources, recyclable fibers, and eco-friendly wood products. To support sustainable management, ten wireless dendrometer and environmental sensor systems were deployed on trees-six in Stellenbosch, South Africa, and four in Leiria, Portugal. These systems measure tree stem growth, air and soil conditions, and transmit data via LoRaWAN to a cloud-based platform (ThingSpeak), with local SD-card backups.

Novel metabolomic predictors of incident colorectal cancer in men and women.

Background: Metabolomic profiles may influence colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Few studies have performed prediagnostic metabolome-wide analyses with CRC risk.

Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study among women (Nurses' Health Study) and men (Health Professionals Follow-Up Study) who provided blood between 1989 and 1995.

Aspirin Use and Incidence of Colorectal Cancer According to Lifestyle Risk.

Importance: Aspirin reduces the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Identifying individuals more likely to benefit from regular aspirin use for CRC prevention is a high priority.

Objective: To assess whether aspirin use is associated with the risk of CRC across different lifestyle risk factors.

Community Collaboration to Advance Racial/Ethnic Equity in Colorectal Cancer Screening: Protocol for a Multilevel Intervention to Improve Screening and Follow-up in Community Health Centers.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening utilization is low among low-income, uninsured, and minority populations that receive care in community health centers (CHCs). There is a need for evidence-based interventions to increase screening and follow-up care in these settings.

Methods: A multilevel, multi-component pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial is being conducted at 8 CHCs in two metropolitan areas (Boston and Los Angeles), with two arms: (1) Mailed FIT outreach with text reminders, and (2) Mailed FIT-DNA with patient support.

Ethical Implications of Artificial Intelligence in Gastroenterology: The Co-pilot or the Captain?

Though artificial intelligence (AI) is being widely implemented in gastroenterology (GI) and hepatology and has the potential to be paradigm shifting for clinical practice, its pitfalls must be considered along with its advantages. Currently, although the use of AI is limited in practice to supporting clinical judgment, medicine is rapidly heading toward a global environment where AI will be increasingly autonomous. Broader implementation of AI will require careful ethical considerations, specifically related to bias, privacy, and consent.

Optimizing single-cell RNA sequencing methods for human colon biopsies: droplet-based vs. picowell-based platforms.

Background & Aims: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA) has empowered many insights into gastrointestinal microenvironments. However, profiling human biopsies using droplet-based scRNA (D-scRNA) is challenging since it requires immediate processing to minimize epithelial cell damage. In contrast, picowell-based (P-scRNA) platforms permit short-term frozen storage before sequencing.

Xylem cell size regulation is a key adaptive response to water deficit in Eucalyptus grandis.

Future climatic scenarios forecast increasingly frequent droughts that will pose substantial consequences on tree mortality. In light of this, drought-tolerant eucalypts have been propagated; however, the severity of these conditions will invoke adaptive responses, impacting the commercially valuable wood properties. To determine what mechanisms govern the wood anatomical adaptive response, highly controlled drought experiments were conducted in Eucalyptus grandis W.

Structure and mechanism of the K/H exchanger KefC.

Intracellular potassium (K) homeostasis is fundamental to cell viability. In addition to channels, K levels are maintained by various ion transporters. One major family is the proton-driven K efflux transporters, which in gram-negative bacteria is important for detoxification and in plants is critical for efficient photosynthesis and growth.

Stool Protein Mass Spectrometry Identifies Biomarkers for Early Detection of Diffuse-type Gastric Cancer.

There is a high unmet need for early detection approaches for diffuse gastric cancer (DGC). We examined whether the stool proteome of mouse models of gastric cancer (GC) and individuals with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) have utility as biomarkers for early detection. Proteomic mass spectrometry of the stool of a genetically engineered mouse model driven by oncogenic KrasG12D and loss of p53 and Cdh1 in gastric parietal cells [known as Triple Conditional (TCON) mice] identified differentially abundant proteins compared with littermate controls.

Acute Kidney Injury Receiving Dialysis and Dialysis Care after Hospital Discharge.

The number of patients with AKI receiving outpatient hemodialysis (AKI-D) is increasing. At present, on the basis of limited data, approximately one third of patients with AKI-D who receive outpatient dialysis after hospital discharge survive and regain sufficient kidney function to discontinue dialysis. Data to inform dialysis management strategies that promote kidney function recovery and processes of care among patients with AKI-D receiving outpatient dialysis are lacking.

Structural basis for the modulation of MRP2 activity by phosphorylation and drugs.

Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2) is a polyspecific efflux transporter of organic anions expressed in hepatocyte canalicular membranes. MRP2 dysfunction, in Dubin-Johnson syndrome or by off-target inhibition, for example by the uricosuric drug probenecid, elevates circulating bilirubin glucuronide and is a cause of jaundice. Here, we determine the cryo-EM structure of rat Mrp2 (rMrp2) in an autoinhibited state and in complex with probenecid.

Changes in Cognitive Function After Kidney Transplantation: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Rationale & Objective: Kidney disease negatively affects cognition. We assessed the effect of kidney transplantation (KT) on different cognitive domains.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Ion and lipid orchestration of secondary active transport.

Transporting small molecules across cell membranes is an essential process in cell physiology. Many structurally diverse, secondary active transporters harness transmembrane electrochemical gradients of ions to power the uptake or efflux of nutrients, signalling molecules, drugs and other ions across cell membranes. Transporters reside in lipid bilayers on the interface between two aqueous compartments, where they are energized and regulated by symported, antiported and allosteric ions on both sides of the membrane and the membrane bilayer itself.

SARS-CoV-2 infection elucidates unique features of pregnancy-specific immunity.

Pregnancy is a risk factor for increased severity of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory infections. The mechanisms underlying this risk have not been well-established, partly due to a limited understanding of how pregnancy shapes immune responses. To gain insight into the role of pregnancy in modulating immune responses at steady state and upon perturbation, we collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), plasma, and stool from 226 women, including 152 pregnant individuals (n = 96 with SARS-CoV-2 infection and n = 56 healthy controls) and 74 non-pregnant women (n = 55 with SARS-CoV-2 and n = 19 healthy controls).

Structural and biophysical analysis of a tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP) transporter.

Tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP) transporters are secondary-active transporters that receive their substrates via a soluble-binding protein to move bioorganic acids across bacterial or archaeal cell membranes. Recent cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of TRAP transporters provide a broad framework to understand how they work, but the mechanistic details of transport are not yet defined. Here we report the cryo-EM structure of the -acetylneuraminate TRAP transporter (SiaQM) at 2.