Hybrid filter for lock-in amplifiers.

Lock-in amplifiers are instrumental in the precise measurement of extremely small AC signals within high-noise environments. Traditionally, noise reduction in these instruments relies on infinite impulse response (IIR) filters, which can necessitate prolonged settling times to ensure the acquisition of accurate, statistically independent data. While moving average filters offer faster settling times, their non-monotonic frequency response may not be optimal for noise reduction.

Nanoparticle-Induced Anomalous Hall Effect in Graphene.

Schemes for introducing magnetic properties into graphene are of fundamental interest and could enable the development of electrically controlled magnetic devices, thereby extending graphene's applications from conventional electronics to spintronics. Proximity-induced ferromagnetism (PIFM) has been reported for graphene coupled to adjacent ferromagnetic insulators (FMIs). PIFM from an FMI preserves graphene's high carrier mobility and does not introduce a parallel current path.

Smoking cessation.

Cigarette smoking is a major preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. It is the major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the developed world. Smoking is a chronic relapsing disease.

Efficacy of the nicotine inhaler in smoking reduction: A double-blind, randomized trial.

Many smokers are not ready to quit but are interested in changing their smoking behavior, particularly if such a change is associated with a reduction in health risk. The present study evaluated the efficacy of the nicotine inhaler in reducing smoking. Exploratory studies assessed whether reduction in smoking was associated with reduction in markers of disease risk.

Evaluation of subclinical respiratory tract inflammation in heavy smokers who switch to a cigarette-like nicotine delivery device that primarily heats tobacco.

Cigarette smoking remains a major public health problem. For smokers who cannot or do not wish to quit, few options exist to reduce health risks. A cigarette-like nicotine delivery device that heats rather than burns tobacco might deliver nicotine with fewer toxins.