The histone H3.3 K27M mutation suppresses Ser31phosphorylation and mitotic fidelity, which can directly drive gliomagenesis.

Serine 31 is a phospho-site unique to the histone H3.3 variant; mitotic phospho-Ser31 is restricted to pericentromeric heterochromatin, and disruption of phospho-Ser31 results in chromosome segregation defects and loss of p53-dependant G cell-cycle arrest. Ser31 is proximal to the H3.

Showcasing diversity, equity, and inclusion in neurological surgery: a comparative analysis of neurological surgery residency program websites in the United States.

Residency websites can often be crucial for influencing neurosurgery applicants' first impressions of programs. This study explores the representation of diversity on neurological surgery residency program websites and evaluates the impact of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) statements. The websites of 117 neurological surgery residency programs were evaluated for the presence of 12 diversity and inclusion elements.

Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement for Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis.

Background: For patients with asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, current guidelines recommend routine clinical surveillance every 6 to 12 months. Data from randomized trials examining whether early intervention with transcatheter aortic-valve replacement (TAVR) will improve outcomes in these patients are lacking.

Methods: At 75 centers in the United States and Canada, we randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, patients with asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis to undergo early TAVR with transfemoral placement of a balloon-expandable valve or clinical surveillance.

Commitment to cytokinetic furrowing requires the coordinate activity of microtubules and Plk1.

At anaphase, spindle microtubules (MTs) position the cleavage furrow and trigger actomyosin assembly by localizing the small GTPase RhoA and the scaffolding protein anillin to a narrow band along the equatorial cortex [1-6]. Using vertebrate somatic cells we examined the temporal control of furrow assembly. Although its positioning commences at anaphase onset, furrow maturation is not complete until ∼10-11 min later.

Machine Learning Identification of Modifiable Predictors of Patient Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an important treatment option for patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. It is important to identify predictors of excellent outcomes (good clinical outcomes, more time spent at home) after TAVR that are potentially amenable to improvement.

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to use machine learning to identify potentially modifiable predictors of clinically relevant patient-centered outcomes after TAVR.

Ultrasound Guidance to Replicate Transuterine BioGlue Injection in the Fetal Hydrocephalus Sheep Model.

Introduction: Congenital hydrocephalus often results in irreversible and severe damage to the brain despite postnatal interventions. The potential for prenatal intervention to mitigate these deleterious effects underscores the importance of a suitable animal model. We aimed assess the results of an ultrasound-guided transuterine approach to replicate the BioGlue injection fetal hydrocephalus model.

H3K27-Altered Diffuse Midline Glioma of the Brainstem: From Molecular Mechanisms to Targeted Interventions.

Pediatric high-grade gliomas are a devastating subset of brain tumors, characterized by their aggressive pathophysiology and limited treatment options. Among them, H3 K27-altered diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) of the brainstem stand out due to their distinct molecular features and dismal prognosis. Recent advances in molecular profiling techniques have unveiled the critical role of H3 K27 alterations, particularly a lysine-to-methionine mutation on position 27 (K27M) of the histone H3 tail, in the pathogenesis of DMG.

Epigenetics to clinicopathological features: a bibliometric analysis of H3 G34-mutant diffuse hemispheric glioma literature.

Purpose: Pediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas are the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in children. More than 30% of diffuse hemispheric gliomas (DHG) in adolescents harbor histone H3 G34 mutations and are recognized by the World Health Organization as a distinct tumor entity. By reporting bibliometric characteristics of the most cited publications on H3 G34-mutant DHG (H3 G34 DHG), we provide an overview of emerging literature and speculate where future research efforts may lead.

Machine learning for enhanced prognostication: predicting 30-day outcomes following posterior fossa decompression surgery for Chiari malformation type I in a pediatric cohort.

Objective: Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) is a congenital disorder occurring in 0.1% of the population. In symptomatic cases, surgery with posterior fossa decompression (PFD) is the treatment of choice.

Extraocular muscle electromyographic recordings for intraoperative monitoring of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI: a single-center experience with intraorbital electrodes.

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the quantitative features of intraoperative electromyographic recordings obtained from cranial nerve III, IV, and VI neuromonitoring using 25-mm intraorbital electrodes, in the larger context of demonstrating the practicality of this technique during neurosurgical cases.

Methods: A 25-mm-long shaft-insulated intraorbital needle electrode is routinely used at the authors' institution for extraocular muscle (EOM) electromyographic monitoring of the inferior rectus, superior oblique, and/or lateral rectus muscles when their function is at risk. Cases monitored between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2022, were reviewed for patient demographics, tumor location and pathology, EOMs monitored, pre- and postoperative examination, and complications from electrode placement.

Anatomical Step-by-Step Dissection of Midline Suboccipital Approaches to the Fourth Ventricle for Trainees: Surgical Anatomy of the Telovelar, Transvermian, and Superior Transvelar Routes, Surgical Principles, and Illustrative Cases.

 Safe, effective access to the fourth ventricle for oncologic resection remains challenging given the depth of location, restricted posterior fossa boundaries, and surrounding eloquent neuroanatomy. Despite description in the literature, a practical step-by step dissection guide of the suboccipital approaches to the fourth ventricle targeted to all training levels is lacking.  Two formalin-fixed, latex-injected specimens were dissected under microscopic magnification and endoscopic visualization.

Shaping Our Understanding of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor: A Bibliometric Analysis of the 100 Most-Cited Articles.

Background: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rare yet highly aggressive soft tissue sarcomas of mesenchymal origin, characterized by a heterogeneous pathological spectrum, limited therapeutic options, and high metastatic potential.

Methods: Here, the authors conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the 100 most-cited MPNST articles by utilizing Elsevier's Scopus to identify all relevant published and indexed articles referring to MPNST, thereby aiming to elucidate the pertinent research findings regarding the disease's pathophysiology and therapeutic advancements. Articles were classified as basic science or clinical and analyzed for various bibliometric parameters.

Bench-to-bedside investigations of H3 K27-altered diffuse midline glioma: drug targets and potential pharmacotherapies.

Introduction: H3 K27-altered diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is the most common malignant brainstem tumor in the pediatric population. Despite enormous preclinical and clinical efforts, the prognosis remains dismal, with fewer than 10% of patients surviving for two years after diagnosis. Fractionated radiation remains the only standard treatment options for DMG.

The composition of choroid plexus tumor research: a bibliometric analysis of the 100 most impactful studies to date.

Purpose: Choroid plexus tumors (CPT) are relatively rare CNS tumors that primarily occur in children. They are classified as low-grade choroid plexus papilloma, including atypical ones, and high-grade choroid plexus carcinoma based on histological characteristics. There has been extensive academic research regarding these complex tumors.

Gabapentin as part of a multimodal pain protocol for selective dorsal rhizotomy does not impact percentage of rootlets transected.

Purpose: We aim to determine whether preoperatively initiated gabapentin for pain control impacts the percentage of rootlets cut during monitored, limited laminectomy selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) procedure.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study includes participants with cerebral palsy who had SDR for treatment of spasticity between 2010 and 2019 at a single-institution tertiary care center. One-level laminectomy SDR aimed to evaluate the cauda equina roots from levels L2-S1 with EMG monitoring.

Management and Long-term Outcomes of Adults With Medulloblastoma: A Single-Center Experience.

Background And Objectives: Medulloblastomas are embryonal tumors predominantly affecting children. Recognition of molecularly defined subgroups has advanced management. Factors influencing the management and prognosis of adult patients with medulloblastoma remains poorly understood.

Nanoparticle Strategies to Improve the Delivery of Anticancer Drugs across the Blood-Brain Barrier to Treat Brain Tumors.

Primary brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumors are a diverse group of neoplasms that occur within the brain and spinal cord. Although significant advances in our understanding of the intricate biological underpinnings of CNS neoplasm tumorigenesis and progression have been made, the translation of these discoveries into effective therapies has been stymied by the unique challenges presented by these tumors' exquisitely sensitive location and the body's own defense mechanisms (e.g.