Hispanic adolescent lip response to extraction and nonextraction orthodontic treatment.

Introduction: In orthodontics, treatment aims to improve the patient's occlusion and overall facial appearance. Extraction of 4 first premolars may improve the occlusion, but it may negatively impact a patient's facial harmony and create a "dished-in" appearance. Although many studies in orthodontic literature reviewed Caucasian patient soft-tissue change throughout extraction treatment, there is a void in the literature regarding Hispanic patients, who have different soft-tissue characteristics and may respond differently to extraction therapy.

Comparison of abnormalities in the sequence of growth stages in the skeletal maturity index vs cervical vertebral maturation.

Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of abnormal progression that could ultimately affect the reliability of the skeletal maturity index (SMI) and the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method that are most commonly used analyses for skeletal age assessment.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective design was used to compare 299 hand-wrist radiographs with 299 lateral skull radiographs regarding the number of abnormalities in the proposed sequence of maturation in the SMI and CVM methods.

Results: A significantly greater number of abnormalities occurred in the sequence of CVM progression compared with SMI (P < .

Maxillary arch perimeter prediction using Ramanujan's equation for the ellipse.

Introduction: The prediction of arch perimeter gained when expanding the arch or proclining the anterior incisors is particularly important in the decision of tooth extraction vs nonextraction therapy for orthodontic treatment.

Methods: Correlation of the measured perimeter of the maxillary dental arch and the calculated perimeter applying Ramanujan's equation for the perimeter of an ellipse was evaluated with 30 diagnostic casts of untreated maxillary dental arches. Both linear and circumferential measurements were made directly on the midbuccal surface of these maxillary arches.

Lateral comparisons using Fishman's skeletal maturation assessment.

Objective: To assess lateral differences between ossification events and stages of bone development in the hands and wrists utilizing Fishman's skeletal maturation indicators (SMIs).

Materials And Methods: The skeletal ages of 125 subjects, aged 8 to 20 years, were determined with left and right hand-wrist radiographs using Fishman's SMI assessment. Each subject was also given the Edinburgh Handedness Questionnaire to assess handedness.

Incidence and effects of genetic factors on canine impaction in an isolated Jewish population.

Introduction: The etiology of palatal canine impaction is multifactorial and includes a genetic contribution. The aim of this study was to find the incidence and effects of genetic factors on palatally impacted canines in a genetically isolated community of ultraorthodox Hassidic Jews of Ashkenazi decent.

Methods: For this study, we retrospectively evaluated 1000 charts of Hassidic Jewish patients.

Tgif1 represses apolipoprotein gene expression in liver.

TG-interacting factor (Tgif1) represses gene expression by interaction with general corepressors, and can be recruited to target genes by transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) activated Smads, or by the retinoid X receptor (RXR). Here we show that Tgif1 interacts with the LXRα nuclear receptor and can repress transcription from a synthetic reporter activated by LXRα. In cultured cells reducing endogenous Tgif1 levels resulted in increased expression of LXRα target genes.

The Runx3 distal transcript encodes an additional transcriptional activation domain.

The runt family transcriptional regulator, Runx3, is upregulated during the differentiation of CD8 single-positive thymocytes and is expressed in peripheral CD8(+) T cells. Mice carrying targeted deletions in Runx3 have severe defects in the development and activation of CD8(+) T cells, resulting in decreased CD8(+) T-cell numbers, aberrant coexpression of CD4, and failure to expand CD8(+) effector cells after activation in vivo or in vitro. Expression of each of the three vertebrate runt family members, including Runx3, is controlled by two promoters that generate proteins with alternative N-terminal sequences.