Challenging acquired pulmonary interstitial emphysema in an extreme preterm infant: A case report and review of literature.

Background: Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) can occur in the immature lungs of preterm infants due to overdistension from mechanical ventilation.

Case Report: Preterm female infant (26 weeks of gestational age, 950 grams) born via urgent cesarean section, APGAR 1/3/6. Invasive mechanical ventilation during the first day of life transitioned to noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), afterward initially stable.