Early Rates of Revision Surgery in Endoscopic and Open Carpal Tunnel Release.

Purpose: To compare rates of revision surgery between primary endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR) and open carpal tunnel release (OCTR). In addition, we aimed to assess the influence of fellowship training on revision rates. We hypothesized that ECTR would not be associated with higher rates of revision surgery.

Timolol in the treatment of hard-to-heal wounds: a comprehensive review.

Objective: The aims of this study were to ascertain the effectiveness and safety of the off-label use of topical timolol as an adjunct treatment for hard-to-heal (chronic) wounds. Furthermore, to review and analyse the existing literature regarding the use of topical timolol on wounds of varying aetiologies.

Method: A systematic review of literature in the English language published between May 1961-May 2021 on the application of topical timolol for hard-to-heal wounds in adults was performed.

High-precision Pb isotopes of drinking water lead pipes: Implications for human exposure to industrial Pb in the United States.

Millions of lead (Pb) pipes are still used in the drinking water distribution systems in many regions in the world. Human exposure to Pb from contaminated drinking water continues to be of concern in the United States (U.S.

Methamphetamine in Orthopaedics: Considerations of an At-Risk Population.

»: Methamphetamine use by orthopaedic trauma patients has risen to epidemic proportions.

»: Perioperative methamphetamine use by orthopaedic trauma patients requires physicians to consider both medical and psychosocial factors during treatment.

»: Behavioral and psychosocial effects of methamphetamine use present barriers to care.

Children's exposure to environmental lead: A review of potential sources, blood levels, and methods used to reduce exposure.

Lead has been used for thousands of years in different anthropogenic activities thanks to its unique properties that allow for many applications such as the manufacturing of drinking water pipes and its use as additives to gasoline and paint. However, knowledge of the adverse impacts of lead on human health has led to its banning from several of its applications, with the main goal of reducing environmental pollution and protecting human health. Human exposure to lead has been linked to different sources of contamination, resulting in high blood lead levels (BLLs) and adverse health implications, primarily in exposed children.

Global quieting of high-frequency seismic noise due to COVID-19 pandemic lockdown measures.

Human activity causes vibrations that propagate into the ground as high-frequency seismic waves. Measures to mitigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused widespread changes in human activity, leading to a months-long reduction in seismic noise of up to 50%. The 2020 seismic noise quiet period is the longest and most prominent global anthropogenic seismic noise reduction on record.

Extensive marine-terminating ice sheets in Europe from 2.5 million years ago.

Geometries of Early Pleistocene [2.58 to 0.78 million years (Ma) ago] ice sheets in northwest Europe are poorly constrained but are required to improve our understanding of past ocean-atmosphere-cryosphere coupling.

Nutritional benefit of olive oil: the biological effects of hydroxytyrosol and its arylating quinone adducts.

Olive oil is the essential component of the Mediterranean diet, a nutritional regimen gaining ever-increasing renown for its beneficial effects on inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. A unique characteristic of olive oil is its enrichment in oleuropein, a member of the secoiridoid family, which hydrolyzes to the catechol hydroxytyrosol and functions as a hydrophilic phenolic antioxidant that is oxidized to its catechol quinone during redox cycling. Little effort has been spent on exploring the biological properties of the catechol hydroxytyrosol quinone, a strong arylating electrophile that forms Michael adducts with thiol nucleophiles in glutathione and proteins.

Studies in vitamin E: biochemistry and molecular biology of tocopherol quinones.

Tocopherols and tocotrienols, parent congeners in the vitamin E family, function as phenolic antioxidants. However, there has been little interest in their quinone electrophiles formed as a consequence of oxidation reactions, even though unique biological properties were suggested by early studies conducted immediately after the discovery of vitamin E. Oxidation of tocopherols and tocotrienols produces para- and ortho-quinones, and quinone methides, while oxidation of their carboxyethyl hydroxychroman derivatives produces quinone lactones.

Mechanism of arylating quinone toxicity involving Michael adduct formation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Quinones permeate our biotic environment, contributing to both homeostasis and cytotoxicity. All quinones generate reactive oxygen species through redox cycling, while partially substituted quinones also undergo arylation (Michael adduct formation) yielding covalent bonds with nucleophiles such as cysteinyl thiols. In contrast to reactive oxygen species, the role of arylation in quinone cytotoxicity is not well understood.

Tocopherol metabolism using thermochemolysis: chemical and biological properties of gamma-tocopherol, gamma-carboxyethyl-hydroxychroman, and their quinones.

Identification and quantitative estimation of quinone metabolites of gamma-tocopherol (gamma-T) and its derivative gamma-carboxyethyl hydroxychroman (gamma-CEHC) are complicated by their functions as arylating electrophiles. We hypothesize that their biological properties are expressed through arylating quinone electrophile addition (Michael reaction) with thiol nucleophiles in cells and tissues. Glutathione (GSH) reacted with gamma-tocopheryl quinone (gamma-TQ) to form the hydroquinone adduct, which was identified by electrospray time-of-flight MS (ESI-TOF-MS).

Electrophile tocopheryl quinones in apoptosis and mutagenesis: thermochemolysis of thiol adducts with proteins and in cells.

Electrophile tocopheryl quinones from the phenolic antioxidants gamma-tocopherol and delta-tocopherol form Michael adducts with the thiol nucleophile glutathione. These tocopheryl quinones are involved in cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and mutagenesis, and their biologic properties are associated with the depletion of intracellular thiols. We now show that both proteins and tissues treated with the electrophile gamma-tocopheryl quinone (gamma-TQ) form thiol adducts.

gamma-Tocopheryl quinone induces apoptosis in cancer cells via caspase-9 activation and cytochrome c release.

Recently, it was suggested the potential role of gamma-tocopheryl quinone (gamma-TQ), an oxidative metabolite of gamma-tocopherol, as a powerful chemotherapeutic agent, since it was shown that this molecule exerts powerful cytotoxic effects, induces apoptosis and escapes drug resistance in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia and promyelocytic leukemia cells. We have studied the apoptogenic potential of gamma-TQ in cultured human leukemia HL-60 and colon adenocarcinoma WiDr cells, and in murine thymoma cells growing in vivo in ascites form. The cells were treated with gamma-TQ and apoptosis was evaluated morphologically by acridine-orange staining and cytofluorimetrically by Annexin V binding assay.

Mutagenicity of tocopheryl quinones: evolutionary advantage of selective accumulation of dietary alpha-tocopherol.

We have shown that phenolic antioxidant tocopherols are oxidized to nonarylating alpha-tocopheryl quinone (alpha-TQ) and arylating gamma- and delta-TQ electrophiles. The arylating quinones stimulate apoptosis and are highly cytotoxic in mammalian cells. Some xenobiotic phenolic antioxidants are mutagens, and it has been suggested that their arylating quinone metabolites are the active agents in mutagenesis related to carcinogenesis.

Gamma-tocopheryl quinone stimulates apoptosis in drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant cancer cells.

Chemotherapy-induced cell death is linked to apoptosis, and there is increasing evidence that multidrug-resistance in cancer cells may be the result of a decrease in the ability of a cell to initiate apoptosis in response to cytotoxic agents. In previous studies, we synthesized two classes of electrophilic tocopheryl quinones (TQ), nonarylating alpha-TQ and arylating gamma- and delta-TQ, and found that gamma- and delta-TQ, but not alpha-TQ, were highly cytotoxic in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells (CEM) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) CEM/VLB100. We have now extended these studies on tumor biology with CEM, HL60 and MDR HL60/MX2 human promyelocytic leukemia, U937 human monocytic leukemia, and ZR-75-1 breast adenocarcinoma cells.