Validation of algorithms for calculating spatiotemporal gait parameters during continuous turning using lumbar and foot mounted inertial measurement units.

Spatiotemporal gait parameters such as step time and walking speed can be used to quantify gait performance and determine physical function. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) allow for the measurement of spatiotemporal gait parameters in unconstrained environments but must be validated against a gold standard. While many IMU systems and algorithms have been validated during treadmill walking and overground walking in a straight line, fewer studies have validated algorithms during more complex walking conditions such as continuous turning in different directions.

Mobile health to promote physical activity in people post stroke or transient ischemic attack - study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial.

Background: Physical activity is essential to improve health and reduce the risk of recurrence of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Still, people post stroke or TIA are often physically inactive and the availability of physical activity promotion services are often limited. This study builds on an existing Australian telehealth-delivered programme (i-REBOUND- Let's get moving) which provides support for home-based physical activity for people post stroke or TIA.

Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure prefrontal cortex activity during dual-task walking and navigated walking: A feasibility study.

Introduction: While functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can provide insight into motor-cognitive deficits during ecologically valid gait conditions, the feasibility of using fNIRS during complex walking remains unknown. We tested the process and scientific feasibility of using an fNIRS device to measure cortical activity during complex walking tasks consisting of straight walking and navigated walking under single and dual-task (DT) conditions.

Methods: Nineteen healthy people from 18 to 64 years (mean age: 45.

Self-report and device-based physical activity measures and adherence to physical activity recommendations: a cross-sectional survey among people with inflammatory joint disease in four European countries.

Objectives: Self-monitoring of physical activity (PA) has the potential to contribute to successful behaviour change in PA interventions in different populations, including people with inflammatory joint diseases (IJDs). The objectives of this study were to describe the use and knowledge of self-report-based and device-based PA measures in people with IJDs in four European countries, and to explore if the use of such devices, sociodemographic or disease-related variables were associated with adherence to the recommendations of at least 150 min of moderate to vigorous PA per week.

Setting: Cross-sectional survey, performed in 2015-2016.

Telerehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden: a survey of use and perceptions among physiotherapists treating people with neurological diseases or older adults.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND : Telerehabilitation, i.e. rehabilitation at a distance using Information and Communication Technology (ICT), is a promising avenue for improving health among people with neurological diseases or older adults who often experience limited access to services.

Physical Activity and Perceived Health in People With Parkinson Disease During the First Wave of Covid-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study From Sweden.

Background: People with Parkinson disease (PD) are known to be at risk of physical inactivity and may therefore be especially vulnerable to negative health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic due to social distancing recommendations.

Purpose: To investigate sensor-derived physical activity and perceived health of people with PD during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the factors associated with these outcomes.

Methods: Physical activity was measured over 7 days using the Actigraph GT3x accelerometer.

Feasibility of high dose medical exercise therapy in patients with long-term symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.

Purpose: High repetition high dose medical exercise therapy (MET) is a promising treatment for patients with musculoskeletal pain. However, little is known regarding the feasibility of MET in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of MET in patients with symptomatic knee pain with radiographic verified OA.

Sex, support and society: a journey to reclaiming sexuality for individuals living with paraplegia in Cape Town, South Africa.

Study Design: Qualitative descriptive study with inductive thematic content analysis.

Objectives: To explore how individuals living with paraplegia in South Africa experience sex and intimacy and how they perceive the related health services and support they received whilst adapting to life post injury.

Setting: Community based in Cape Town, South Africa.

Understanding Human Neural Control of Short-term Gait Adaptation to the Split-belt Treadmill.

Many studies of split-belt treadmill adaptation have been focused on the biomechanical changes that occur in response to walking on belts at different speeds. This process of adaptation, and the ensuing aftereffects that are present when participants return to typical treadmill walking, have inspired the potential use of the split-belt treadmill as a rehabilitation tool. However, a full systematic review of the current split-belt treadmill literature has not yet been published to consolidate what is known about how the human central nervous system (CNS) controls adaptation to this type of symmetry perturbation.

Employment status of people with multiple sclerosis in relation to 10-year changes in functioning and perceived impact of the disease.

Background: Although it is well known that people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) retire from work early, little is known about how long-term changes in functioning and perceived impact of multiple sclerosis (MS) interact with sustainability of employment.

Objective: To explore changes in functioning and in perceived impact of MS over 10 years, in relation to employment status of PwMS.

Methods: In order to measure functioning, data on activities (walking ability, fine hand use, personal activities in daily living); participation in activities of everyday life (domestic, outdoor and leisure activities); body functions (cognitive function, fatigue, depressive symptoms); and perceived impact of MS were collected in 116 PwMS at baseline and at a 10-year follow-up.

Levels and patterns of physical activity in stroke survivors with different ambulation status living in low-income areas of Cape Town, South Africa.

: Little is known about physical activity (PA) in people with stroke living in low-income areas. The aim of this study was to characterize and contrast the levels and patterns of PA between stroke survivors with different ambulation status living in low-income areas in Cape Town, South Africa. : In this cross-sectional study, 45 community-dwelling stroke survivors living in low-income areas in Cape Town participated.

Does dual task placement and duration affect split-belt treadmill adaptation?

Background: Dual tasking during prolonged split-belt adaptation (10-15 min) has shown to slow the adaptation process and prolong aftereffects. Therefore, dual tasks during split-belt adaptation are being explored for their potential in gait symmetry rehabilitation. However, the ideal paradigm configuration it is still not clear.

Participation in social/lifestyle activities in people with multiple sclerosis: Changes across 10 years and predictors of sustained participation.

Background: Identification of people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) with increased risk of restricted participation in social and lifestyle activities (e.g. social outings and pursuing a hobby) could guide the development of interventions supporting sustained participation.

The effects of dual-tasking on temporal gait adaptation and de-adaptation to the split-belt treadmill in older adults.

Background: It has been well established that with aging, walking becomes more challenging when dividing attention towards other tasks (i.e. dual-tasks) and when adapting walking to environmental demands.

Activity limitations and participation restrictions in people with multiple sclerosis: a detailed 10-year perspective.

Aim: To conduct a detailed investigation into changes in activity limitations and participation restrictions over 10 years in people with mild, moderate and severe multiple sclerosis.

Methods: This study was a 10-year longitudinal study of 264 people with multiple sclerosis living in Stockholm County, Sweden. Ten-year changes in personal and instrumental activities in daily living were assessed using the Katz Activities in Daily Living Index Extended and participation in social/lifestyle activities using the Frenchay Activities Index.

Risk indicators of length of acute hospital stay after traumatic spinal cord injury in South Africa: a prospective, population-based study.

Study Design: Population-based cohort study.

Objectives: To determine non-modifiable and modifiable risk indicators of acute length of hospital stay (LOHS) after traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI).

Setting: Government-funded hospitals within the City of Cape Town, South Africa.

Gait and trunk kinematics during prolonged turning in Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait.

Introduction: Although turning during walking is known to trigger freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD), little is known about kinematic strategies used by individuals with PD and FOG while performing prolonged turning.

Objective: Our aim was to compare gait and trunk kinematics during straight walking and continuous turning over 20-min in PD with and without FOG.

Methods: 18 individuals with idiopathic PD (n = 9 with FOG, n = 9 without FOG), performed two 20-min walking tasks: straight ahead, and turning, in a laboratory setting in their OFF medication state.

The effects of dual-task balance training on gait in older women with osteoporosis: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Although there is a growing body of literature showing promising effects of balance training on gait in older adults, little is known about the effects of dual-task training on varying domains of spatial and temporal gait parameters.

Research Question: Does the short-term effects of dual-task balance training differ between single and dual-task gait in older women with osteoporosis with regards to different gait domains (pace, rhythm, variability, asymmetry and postural control)?

Methods: Elderly women with osteoporosis who experienced fear of falling and/or ≥1 fall the last 12 months were recruited. Ninety-five participants were randomized to 12 weeks of balance training or to a control group.

Factors Associated With Responsiveness to Gait and Balance Training in People With Parkinson Disease.

Background And Purpose: Although increasing evidence supports the benefit- of exercise among people with Parkinson disease (PwPD), it is unclear whether a given exercise modality suits all PwPD, given the heterogeneity of the disease. The purpose of this study was to explore factors associated with responsiveness to a highly challenging training intervention that incorporated dual-task exercises.

Methods: Forty-seven PwPD (mean age: 73 years; 19 females, Hoehn and Yahr stages 2-3) who had participated in 10 weeks of highly challenging gait and balance training were included.

The effects of integrated single- and dual-task training on automaticity and attention allocation in Parkinson's disease: A secondary analysis from a randomized trial.

Objective: People with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) demonstrate impaired automaticity of motor and cognitive tasks, with unclear prioritization strategies when exposed to dual-task situations. However, no randomized trials have investigated the effects of training on automaticity and prioritization strategies in this population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of training on the automaticity of gait and cognitive processing in PwPD and the allocation of attention between gait and a cognitive task.

Turning Stability in Individuals With Parkinson Disease.

Background And Purpose: Although instability during turning is a disabling feature of Parkinson disease (PD), little is known about the associated postural characteristics. Our goals were to compare turning stability between individuals with PD and healthy individuals and to investigate whether dopaminergic medication improves turning stability.

Methods: Nineteen older adults with mild to moderate PD and 19 healthy individuals walked straight or walked and turned 180° to the right or left.

Strengthening Health Systems for Persons With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in South Africa and Sweden: A Protocol for a Longitudinal Study of Processes and Outcomes.

The provision of specialized care in a time-sensitive manner has shown to be crucial for survival and recovery of functioning after a traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI). However, little is known about the provision of TSCI care in different international contexts; information which is required for strengthening policy and practice. The overarching aim of this study will be to explore health care processes and outcomes of TSCI care in South Africa and Sweden.

Long-term effects of highly challenging balance training in Parkinson's disease-a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives:: To determine long-term effects of a highly challenging training program in people with Parkinson's disease, as well as describe how initially observed improvements of the program deteriorated over time.

Design:: Long-term follow-up of previously reported outcomes at 10 weeks of a randomized controlled trial.

Setting:: University hospital setting.

Medio-lateral stability during walking turns in older adults.

Introduction: Medio-lateral stability during walking turns relies on the interaction between precise weight shifts of the body and changes in base of support by regulating step width. Although older adults and clinical populations often slow down while turning in order to compensate for balance impairments, little is known about the influence of walking speed on stability during turning.

Objective: To compare medio-lateral stability between walking turns and straight walking and to investigate whether walking speed affects medio-lateral stability during turning in healthy older adults.

Accelerometry: A feasible method to monitor physical activity during sub-acute rehabilitation of persons with stroke.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of using accelerometers to monitor physical activity in persons with stroke admitted to inpatient rehabilitation.

Design: Longitudinal observational study.

Participants: Persons with stroke admitted to a specialized rehabilitation centre for sub-acute rehabilitation were recruited between August and December 2016.