Polymers for binding of the gram-positive oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans.

Streptococcus mutans is the most significant pathogenic bacterium implicated in the formation of dental caries and, both directly and indirectly, has been associated with severe conditions such as multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular and peripheral artery disease. Polymers able to selectively bind S. mutans and/or inhibit its adhesion to oral tissue in a non-lethal manner would offer possibilities for addressing pathogenicity without selecting for populations resistant against bactericidal agents.

Effect of Lesion Baseline Severity and Mineral Distribution on Remineralization and Progression of Human and Bovine Dentin Caries Lesions.

The aims of this laboratory study were to compare the effects of lesion baseline severity, mineral distribution and substrate on remineralization and progression of caries lesions created in root dentin. Lesions were formed in dentin specimens prepared from human and bovine dentin using three protocols, each utilizing three demineralization periods to create lesions of different mineral distributions (subsurface, moderate softening, extreme softening) and severity within each lesion type. Lesions were then either remineralized or demineralized further and analyzed using transverse microradiography.

Bacteria-instructed synthesis of polymers for self-selective microbial binding and labelling.

The detection and inactivation of pathogenic strains of bacteria continues to be an important therapeutic goal. Hence, there is a need for materials that can bind selectively to specific microorganisms for diagnostic or anti-infective applications, but that can be formed from simple and inexpensive building blocks. Here, we exploit bacterial redox systems to induce a copper-mediated radical polymerization of synthetic monomers at cell surfaces, generating polymers in situ that bind strongly to the microorganisms that produced them.

In vitro assessment of a toothpaste range specifically designed for children.

Objective: To evaluate the ability of a range of low abrasivity experimental toothpastes designed for use by children at different stages of their development (typically ages 0-2 years, 3-5 years and 6+ years) to promote fluoride uptake and remineralisation of artificial caries lesions.

Methods: pH cycling study: demineralised human permanent enamel specimens were subjected to a daily pH cycling regime consisting of four 1-minute treatments with toothpaste slurries, a 4-hour acid challenge and remineralisation in pooled whole human saliva. Surface microhardness (SMH) was measured at baseline, 10 days and 20 days, and the fluoride content determined at 20 days.

Protection against enamel demineralisation using toothpastes containing o-cymen-5-ol, zinc chloride and sodium fluoride.

Aim: To evaluate the ability of two experimental toothpastes containing 0.1%w/w o-cymen-5-ol, 0.6%w/w ZnCl2 and 0.

Terahertz pulsed imaging study to assess remineralization of artificial caries lesions.

We compare terahertz-pulsed imaging (TPI) with transverse microradiography (TMR) and microindentation to measure remineralization of artificial caries lesions. Lesions are formed in bovine enamel using a solution of 0.1 M lactic acid/0.

Fluoropolymers as low-surface-energy tooth coatings for oral care.

A range of low-surface-energy fluoropolymers has been synthesised and their effectiveness as dental-care coatings for plaque, stain and erosion prevention has been evaluated using a series of oral care models employing pressed discs of calcium hydroxyapatite or sections of human teeth. Since the blocking of dentinal tubules is a key mechanistic strategy in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity, the capability of these non-permanent fluoropolymer coatings to occlude the pore structure of human dentine and to reduce the outward flow of simulated dentinal fluid has also been investigated. Several of the fluoropolymer coatings have been found to inhibit bacterial adhesion but no correlation has been established between anti-adhesion efficacy and fluorine content or surface energy.

Synthesis and characterization of low surface energy fluoropolymers as potential barrier coatings in oral care.

A series of low surface energy fluorinated homopolymers and copolymers has been synthesized and characterized using thermal, optical, spectroscopic, and chromatographic techniques. Their utility as barrier technologies in oral care has been considered, and aqueous nanosuspensions of the materials have been deposited as films on model dental hard surfaces in the presence and absence of a salivary pellicle. Calcium hydroxyapatite has been used as a model for enamel, as has PMMA due to its widespread use in denture fabrication.