Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Bone Graft With a Unique Surface Topography: A Single-Center Ambispective Study for Degenerative Disease of the Lumbar Spine.

Study Design: This study is an ambispective evaluation and analysis of a single-center cohort.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a novel biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) bone graft with submicron-sized needle-shaped surface topography (BCP<µm) in interbody arthrodesis of the lumbar spine.

Methods: This study was a single-center ambispective assessment of adult patients receiving BCP<µm as part of their lumbar interbody fusion surgery.

The Effect of Dexmedetomidine Sedation on Lower Gastrointestinal Motility in Children-Is It Suitable for Anorectal Manometry?

Anorectal manometry is one of the most frequently performed gastrointestinal motility studies in children. It is an important study in diagnosing Hirschsprung disease (HD). These procedures can be uncomfortable, painful and emotionally distressing.

Remimazolam Pilot for Office-Based Dental Sedation: Adverse Events, Awareness and Outcomes.

In recent years, remimazolam has gained approval for use in adult procedural sedation in both the United Kingdom and the United States, potentially offering an alternative to conventional sedatives like propofol and midazolam for procedural sedation. However, there is a limited body of literature that systematically reviews the outcomes of a remimazolam-alfentanil combination protocol for routine office-based dental procedures. The primary objective of this pilot study was to assess the occurrence of significant adverse events associated with the use of a remimazolam-alfentanil sedation protocol for adult dental procedures.

Spontaneous regression and near disappearance of a calcified herniated thoracic disc in a 44-year-old male: illustrative case.

Background: Herniation of an intervertebral disc (IVD) is found predominantly in the lumbar and cervical spine of both children and adults, but herniated IVDs of the thoracic spine are a rare occurrence. However, approximately 40% of herniated thoracic disc cases are calcified. Approximately 0.

The synergistic effect of dexmedetomidine on propofol for paediatric deep sedation: A randomised trial.

Background: Propofol and dexmedetomidine are used separately, and sometimes together, for paediatric deep sedation. Although their combination has been described in adults, the effect of dexmedetomidine as a potential synergist in children has not been studied before.

Objectives: The primary objective was to compare the propofol requirements of children who receive propofol alone with those who receive it in combination with dexmedetomidine for deep sedation for upper and lower endoscopic gastrointestinal procedures.

PEEK versus titanium cages in lateral lumbar interbody fusion: a comparative analysis of subsidence.

Objective: The authors have provided a review of radiographic subsidence after lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) as a comparative analysis between titanium and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages. Many authors describe a reluctance to use titanium cages in spinal fusion secondary to subsidence concerns due to the increased modulus of elasticity of metal cages. The authors intend for this report to provide observational data regarding the juxtaposition of these two materials in the LLIF domain.

The Use of Bispectral Index Monitoring Does Not Change Intraoperative Exposure to Volatile Anesthetics in Children.

The exposure of infants and children to volatile anesthetics, such as sevoflurane, has been a topic of concern with respect to the potential risk for long term neurocognitive effects. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether the perioperative utilization of Bispectral Index (BIS) monitoring alters the sevoflurane delivery and exposure to children. This is a prospective randomized trial of two groups of healthy ambulatory day surgery patients (2 to 12 years).

Adjacent Segment Pathology After Treatment With Cervical Disc Arthroplasty or Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion, Part 2: Clinical Results at 7-Year Follow-Up.

Background: Adjacent segment pathology (ASP) following cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) or anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is identified by imaging (RASP) or clinical symptoms (CASP). Clinical symptoms of CASP have been broadly defined, but subsequent adjacent-level surgeries are clear indicators of CASP. Current literature remains inconsistent in the incidence and potential predictors of CASP.

Adjacent Segment Pathology After Treatment With Cervical Disc Arthroplasty or Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion, Part 1: Radiographic Results at 7-Year Follow-Up.

Background: Adjacent segment pathology (ASP) remains a concern following treatment with cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Radiographic ASP (RASP) is ASP identified on imaging, which may or may not include clinical symptoms. The risk factors for development of RASP and its clinical effects remain controversial.

Results from the Adverse Event Sedation Reporting Tool: A Global Anthology of 7952 Records Derived from >160,000 Procedural Sedation Encounters.

: The incidence of sedation-related adverse events, inclusive of both adults and children, administered by multiple specialty providers from different countries and venues, using standardized definitions, has never been reported on an international level. We are reporting the outcome data of the adverse event sedation reporting tool as an important step toward a more complete risk assessment of sedation-related morbidity, mortality, and etiology. The analysis of the AE sedation reporting data include descriptive measures to evaluate the characteristics of the provider, the patient, sedations performed, adverse events, interventions, and outcomes.

Heterotopic Ossification After Cervical Total Disc Replacement at 7 Years-Prevalence, Progression, Clinical Implications, and Risk Factors.

Background: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a known risk following cervical total disc replacement (CTDR) surgery, but the cause and effect of HO are not well understood. Reported HO rates vary, and few studies are specifically designed to report HO. The effects on outcomes, and the risk factors for the development of HO have been hypothesized and reported in small-population, retrospective analyses, using univariate statistics.

Short-term outcomes of lateral lumbar interbody fusion without decompression for the treatment of symptomatic degenerative spondylolisthesis at L4-5.

OBJECTIVE Recently, authors have called into question the utility and complication index of the lateral lumbar interbody fusion procedure at the L4-5 level. Furthermore, the need for direct decompression has also been debated. Here, the authors report the clinical and radiographic outcomes of transpsoas lumbar interbody fusion, relying only on indirect decompression to treat patients with neurogenic claudication secondary to Grade 1 and 2 spondylolisthesis at the L4-5 level.

Preliminary Results of Bioactive Amniotic Suspension with Allograft for Achieving One and Two-Level Lumbar Interbody Fusion.

Background: Bone graft material for lumbar fusion was historically autologous bone graft (ABG). In recent years alternatives such as allograft, demineralized bone matrix (DBM), ceramics, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) have gained favor, although the complications of these are not fully understood. Bioactive amniotic suspension (BAS) with allograft is a new class of material derived from human amniotic tissue.

Common molecular mechanism of the hepatic lesion and the cardiac parasympathetic regulation in chronic hepatitis C infection: a critical role for the muscarinic receptor type 3.

Background: The pathophysiological overlapping between Sjorgen's Syndrome (SS) and HCV, presence of anti- muscarinic receptor type 3 (M3R) antibodies in SS, the role that M3R plays in the regulation of the heart rate, has led to the assumption that cardiovagal dysfunction in HCV patients is caused by anti-M3R antibodies elicited by HCV proteins or by their direct interaction with M3R.

Results: To identify HCV protein which possibly is crossreactive with M3R or which binds to this receptor, we performed the Informational Spectrum Method (ISM) analysis of the HCV proteome. This analysis revealed that NS5A protein represents the most probable interactor of M3R or that this viral protein could elicit antibodies which modulate function of this receptor.

Virtual screen for repurposing approved and experimental drugs for candidate inhibitors of EBOLA virus infection.

The ongoing Ebola virus epidemic has presented numerous challenges with respect to control and treatment because there are no approved drugs or vaccines for the Ebola virus disease (EVD). Herein is proposed simple theoretical criterion for fast virtual screening of molecular libraries for candidate inhibitors of Ebola virus infection. We performed a repurposing screen of 6438 drugs from DrugBank using this criterion and selected 267 approved and 382 experimental drugs as candidates for treatment of EVD including 15 anti-malarial drugs and 32 antibiotics.

Comparison of breast cancers diagnosed in screening patients in their 40s with and without family history of breast cancer in a community outpatient facility.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare invasive breast cancer in patients in their 40s with and without a family history of breast cancer as well as the lymph node meta-static rate and mastectomy rate.

Materials And Methods: From 2000 to 2011, a total of 793,827 examinations were performed; 221,541 (28%) were women between 40 and 49 years old. A total of 6965 cancers were found in 6511 patients.

Symptomatic adjacent segment disease after cervical total disc replacement: re-examining the clinical and radiological evidence with established criteria.

Background Context: Although several publications in the last decade have proved equality in safety and efficacy of the total disc replacement (TDR) to the anterior fusion procedure in cervical spine, the claim that TDR may reduce the incidence of adjacent segment disease (ASD) has not been corroborated by clinical evidence.

Purpose: We attempt to predict the true incidence of symptomatic ASD after TDR surgery in the cervical spine at one or two levels at a median follow-up period of 4 years.

Study Design: A total of 763 patients were screened to participate in four different Food and Drug Administration device exemption trials for artificial cervical disc replacement at three collaborating institutions.

The use of osteo-conductive stem-cells allograft in lumbar interbody fusion procedures: an alternative to recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein.

Unlabelled: The use of autogenous bone graft in spinal fusion is progressively declining. Different allografts including the human bone morphogenetic protein have been proposed to facilitate fusion rates but are associated with various adverse effects. Osteocel belongs to a new class of allograft tissue material that is a re-absorbable biomaterial with allogenic mesenchymal stem cells.

Factors affecting the incidence of symptomatic adjacent-level disease in cervical spine after total disc arthroplasty: 2- to 4-year follow-up of 3 prospective randomized trials.

Study Design: Prospective randomized clinical trials.

Objective: To compare the outcome data with respect to clinical success rates and incidence of adjacent level disease (ALD) in patients after total disc arthroplasty (TDA) or anterior cervical fusion (ACDF) for 1- and 2-level cervical disc disease.

Summary Of Background Data: Previously published studies have provided evidence that ACDF procedure for cervical degenerative disc disease (DDD) may increase the stress on the nonoperated adjacent cervical segments, thus possibly increasing the risk of degeneration at these levels.

Cervical ganglioneuroma in an adult man: case report and literature review of a rare occurrence.

Objective And Importance: Ganglioneuromas are rare benign tumors of the neural crest occurring in early childhood. They are occasionally diagnosed in young adults due to their mass-effect on adjacent structures. We report a case of ganglioneuroma incidentally diagnosed in an adult man.

Total disc arthroplasty does not affect the incidence of adjacent segment degeneration in cervical spine: results of 93 patients in three prospective randomized clinical trials.

Background Context: Advancements in the philosophy of "motion preservation" have led to the use of total disc arthroplasty (TDA) as an alternative to fusion for degenerative disc disease (DDD) in the cervical spine. A commonly proposed theory is that TDA could reduce the incidence of adjacent segment disease. All the published clinical studies for TDA discuss the "equal efficacy" results of different investigational device exemption (IDE) trials between TDA and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) but have not addressed the issue of adjacent segment disease.

Implant design may influence delayed heterotopic ossification after total disk arthroplasty in lumbar spine.

Background: As total disk arthroplasty (TDA) gains increasing acceptance as an alternative to fusion for degenerative disk disease of the lumbar spine, new complications are encountered by the physicians during and after the procedure. We hereby report a complication after TDA in the lumbar spine that is in variance from previously proposed theories and suggests the possibility of implant design as one of the etiologic factors. The purpose of the present submission is to report a case of delayed heterotopic ossification (HO) after TDA that suggests that the keel-based design of the implant might have contributed to the etiology.