Evaluating the Influence of Row Orientation and Crown Morphology on Growth of . with Drone-Based Airborne Laser Scanning.

The tree crown's directionality of growth may be an indicator of how aggressive the tree is in terms of foraging for light. Airborne drone laser scanning (DLS) has been used to accurately classify individual tree crowns (ITCs) and derive size metrics related to the crown. We compare ITCs among 6 genotypes exhibiting different crown architectures in managed loblolly pine () in the United States.

The adoption of point of care testing technologies for respiratory tract infections in primary care in Australia: Challenges and facilitators.

Despite technological advances and readily available point of care test (POCT) devices with rapid turn-around results for respiratory tract infection (RTI) management, their adoption in primary care remains low. This paper summarises the challenges and facilitators of POCT implementation for RTIs in primary care settings in high-income countries. The review of 28 studies identified by systematic searches of electronic databases improves our understanding of the current state and will help guide the design and implementation of strategies to improve widespread POCT adoption.

Visceral pleura mechanics: Characterization of human, pig, and rat lung material properties.

Pulmonary air leaks are amongst the most common complications in lung surgery. Lung sealants are applied to the organ surface and need to synchronously stretch with the visceral pleura, the layer of tissue which encompasses the lung parenchymal tissue. These adhesives are commonly tested on pig and rat lungs, but applied to human lungs.

The challenges of coeliac disease at work: A contestation of the politics of inclusion.

By focusing on the experiences of employees living with coeliac disease as evidenced in UK employment tribunal cases, this paper interrogates the way practices of exclusion are performed in legal and organisational contexts that purport to promote values of inclusion. In paying attention to how differences are constructed and negotiated, the paper unpacks the way organisational practices mobilise an array of workplace mechanisms to produce complex dynamics of exclusion. Applying Laclau and Mouffe's logics of equivalence and difference, we show how questionable impulses and practices emerge in a workplace environment characterised by unclarity and vagueness.

Oxidative stress-induced changes in the transcriptomic profile of extracellular vesicles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed to play dual roles in cellular homeostasis, functioning both to remove unwanted intracellular molecules, and to enable communication between cells as a means of modulating cellular responses in different physiological and pathological scenarios. EVs contain a broad range of cargoes, including multiple biotypes of RNA, which can vary depending on the cell status, and may function as signalling molecules. In this study, we carried out comparative transcriptomic analysis of EVs and cells, demonstrating that the RNA profile of EVs is distinct from cells and shows dose-dependent changes in response to oxidative stress.

TRPC3 signalling contributes to the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to a wide range of pathological processes including cancer progression, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying their biogenesis remain incompletely characterized. The development of tetraspanin-based pHluorin reporters has enabled the real-time analysis of EV release at the plasma membrane. Here, we employed CD81-pHluorin to investigate mechanisms of EV release in ovarian cancer (OC) cells and report a novel role for the Ca-permeable transient receptor potential (TRP) channel TRPC3 in EV-mediated communication.

Fungal biomass and ectomycorrhizal community assessment of phosphorus responsive plantations.

Ectomycorrhizal fungi and non-ectomycorrhizal fungi are responsive to changes in environmental and nutrient availabilities. Although many species of ectomycorrhizas are known to enhance the uptake of phosphorus and other nutrients for , it is not understood how to optimize these communities to have tangible effects on plantation silviculture and P use efficiency. The first step of this process is the identification of native fungi present in the system that are associated with and influence P uptake efficiency.

Resident marine sportfishing effort in the United States varied non-monotonically with COVID policy stringency.

Governments responded to the Covid-19 pandemic with different policies to curtail the spread of the virus. We show how sportfishing levels are related to the stringency of Covid-19 policies. Specifically, we relate the total number of resident sportfishing trips taken each month in each of 16 U.

Volatile organic compounds produced during postmortem processes can be linked via chromatographic profiles to individual postmortem bacterial species.

Decomposition odor is produced during postmortem mammalian tissue breakdown by bacteria, insects, and intrinsic chemical processes. Past research has not thoroughly investigated which volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be linked directly to individual bacterial species on decomposing remains. The purpose of this study was to profile the VOCs produced over time by individual species of bacteria using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) to expand our foundational knowledge of what each bacterial species contributes to decomposition odor.

Monitoring the electroactive cargo of extracellular vesicles can differentiate various cancer cell lines.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are pivotal in cell-to-cell communication due to the array of cargo contained within these vesicles. EVs are considered important biomarkers for identification of disease, however most measurement approaches have focused on monitoring specific surface macromolecular targets. Our study focuses on exploring the electroactive component present within cargo from EVs obtained from various cancer and non-cancer cell lines using a disk carbon fiber microelectrode.

Mechanism of the Direct Reduction of Chromite Process as a Clean Ferrochrome Technology.

Direct reduction of chromite (DRC) is a promising alternative process for ferrochrome production with the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional smelting. In DRC, chromium (Cr) and iron (Fe) from chromite ore incongruently dissolve into a molten salt, which facilitates mass transfer to a carbon (C) reductant where in situ metallization occurs. Consequently, ferrochrome is produced below the slag melting temperatures, achieving substantial energy savings relative to smelting.

The Legal Needs of People Living with a Sexually Transmissible Infection or Blood-Borne Virus: Perspectives From a Sample of the Australian Sexual Health and Blood Borne Virus Workforce.

Law and the legal environment are important factors in the epidemiology and prevention of sexually transmissible infections (STIs) and blood-borne viruses (BBVs). However, there has been no sustained effort to monitor the legal environment surrounding STIs and BBVs. This article presents the first data on the incidence and impacts of unmet legal needs for those affected by an STI or BBV in Australia using a survey administered to a sample of the Australian sexual health and BBV workforce.

HIV-related Legal Needs, Demographic Change, and Trends in Australia since 1992: A Review of Legal Administrative Data.

An enabling legal environment is essential for an effective HIV response. Using legal administrative data from the HIV/AIDS Legal Centre (HALC), Australia's specialist HIV community legal service, this article characterizes the nature and trends in the legal issues and needs of those with HIV-related legal issues in New South Wales, Australia since 1992. At present, approximately 40% of all PLHIV living in NSW receive a legal service from HALC during the most recent five-year period.

MATLAB-Based Algorithm and Software for Analysis of Wavy Collagen Fibers.

Knowledge of soft tissue fiber structure is necessary for accurate characterization and modeling of their mechanical response. Fiber configuration and structure informs both our understanding of healthy tissue physiology and of pathological processes resulting from diseased states. This study develops an automatic algorithm to simultaneously estimate fiber global orientation, abundance, and waviness in an investigated image.

Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Hinsberg Dearomatization Using Trimethylsilyldiazomethane.

Rhodium(II) catalyzes carbene transfer from trimethylsilyldiazomethane to arylmethyl thioethers, generating sulfonium ylides that undergo [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement, punching quaternary centers into aromatic rings. The reaction works well with naphthalene, indole, and benzofuran ring systems, but the reaction is unsuccessful with the monocyclic benzene homologue. For aryl thioethers, Rh(OAc) gives good results.

Controlling Colloidal Crystal Nucleation and Growth with Photolithographically Defined Templates.

Colloidal crystallization provides a means to synthesize hierarchical nanostructures by design and to use these complex structures for nanodevice fabrication. In particular, DNA provides a means to program interactions between particles with high specificity, thereby enabling the formation of particle superlattice crystallites with tailored unit cell geometries and surface faceting. However, while DNA provides precise control of particle-particle bonding interactions, it does not inherently present a means of controlling higher-level structural features such as the size, shape, position, or orientation of a colloidal crystallite.

Sex-linked gene traffic underlies the acquisition of sexually dimorphic UV color vision in butterflies.

The acquisition of novel sexually dimorphic traits poses an evolutionary puzzle: How do new traits arise and become sex-limited? Recently acquired color vision, sexually dimorphic in animals like primates and butterflies, presents a compelling model for understanding how traits become sex-biased. For example, some butterflies uniquely possess UV (ultraviolet) color vision, which correlates with the expression of two differentially tuned UV-sensitive rhodopsins, UVRh1 and UVRh2. To discover how such traits become sexually dimorphic, we studied , which exhibits female-specific UVRh1 expression.

Bridging the gap between decomposition theory and forensic research on postmortem interval.

Knowledge of the decomposition of vertebrate animals has advanced considerably in recent years and revealed complex interactions among biological and environmental factors that affect rates of decay. Yet this complexity remains to be fully incorporated into research or models of the postmortem interval (PMI). We suggest there is both opportunity and a need to use recent advances in decomposition theory to guide forensic research and its applications to understanding the PMI.

A Phase-I pharmacokinetic, safety and food-effect study on flubentylosin, a novel analog of Tylosin-A having potent anti-Wolbachia and antifilarial activity.

Background: The parasitic filariae responsible for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis are host to an endosymbiotic bacterium, Wolbachia, which is essential to the fertility and development of the parasites. We performed a Phase-I pharmacokinetic, safety and food-effect study on single and multiple ascending doses of flubentylosin (ABBV-4083), a macrolide antibacterial with activity against Wolbachia, intended to sterilize and eliminate the parasites.

Methods: Seventy-eight healthy adults were exposed to flubentylosin; 36 were exposed to single ascending 40, 100, 200, 400 or 1000 mg doses; 12 received 1000 mg in the food-effect part; and 30 received multiple ascending daily doses of 100 mg for 7 days, 200 mg for 7 or 14 days, or 400 mg for 7 or 14 days.

derivative celastrol, a YAP inhibitor, has antifibrotic effects in systemic sclerosis.

Objectives: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterised by extensive tissue fibrosis maintained by mechanotranductive/proadhesive signalling. Drugs targeting this pathway are therefore of likely therapeutic benefit. The mechanosensitive transcriptional co-activator, yes activated protein-1 (YAP1), is activated in SSc fibroblasts.

Personal Data for Public Benefit: The Regulatory Determinants of Social Licence for Technologically Enhanced Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance.

Technologically enhanced surveillance systems have been proposed for the task of monitoring and responding to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in both human, animal and environmental contexts. The use of these systems is in their infancy, although the advent of COVID-19 has progressed similar technologies in response to that pandemic. We conducted qualitative research to identify the Australian public's key concerns about the ethical, legal and social implications of an artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning-enhanced One Health AMR surveillance system.

Post-intensive care syndrome and pulmonary fibrosis in patients surviving ARDS-pneumonia of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 etiologies.

The purpose was to examine patient-centered outcomes and the occurrence of lung fibrotic changes on Chest computed tomography (CT) imaging following pneumonia-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We sought to investigate outpatient clinic chest CT imaging in survivors of COVID19-related ARDS and non-COVID-related ARDS, to determine group differences and explore relationships between lung fibrotic changes and functional outcomes. A retrospective practice analysis of electronic health records at an ICU Recovery Clinic in a tertiary academic medical center was performed in adult patients surviving ARDS due to COVID-19 and non-COVID etiologies.