Primary Non-HFE Hemochromatosis: A Review.

Iron homeostasis is a complex process in which iron uptake and use are tightly balanced. Primary Type 1 or HFE hemochromatosis results from homozygous mutations in the gene that encodes human homeostatic iron regulator (known as human factors engineering, HFE) protein, a regulator of hepcidin, and makes up approximately 90% of all hemochromatosis cases. However, four types of hemochromatosis do not involve the HFE gene.

Statin-induced Liver Injury Patterns: A Clinical Review.

Since their introduction in 1987, hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA) inhibitors, more commonly known as statins, have become some of the most widely prescribed medications in the world. Though generally considered to be safe and well tolerated, statins have been associated with several side effects including mild liver dysfunction manifested by increases in aminotransferases. Rarely, statins have been noted to induce more serious hepatic injury, including liver injury with autoimmune features.

Early Elevation and Normalization of Electrode Impedance in Patients With Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct Undergoing Cochlear Implantation.

Objective: To characterize early changes in impedance in patients undergoing cochlear implantation with and without enlarged vestibular aqueducts (EVA).

Methods: Case-control retrospective study of patients undergoing cochlear implantation with and without EVA. Impedance was measured across all channels intraoperatively and within 24 hours of surgery.

Biliary Mucinous Cystadenoma: A Review of the Literature.

Biliary mucinous cystadenomas are cystic neoplasms commonly mistaken for simple cysts. They are rare and generally benign tumors, often incidentally found on imaging and during unrelated surgical interventions. They tend to be slow growing though may reach symptomatic dimensions.

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies for Peritoneal Tuberculosis: A Review.

Peritoneal tuberculosis (PTB), although rarer than its pulmonary counterpart, is a serious health concern in regions of the world with high tuberculosis prevalence. Individuals with baseline immunocompromise condition, whether acquired or medically induced, are at greatest risk for experiencing PTB. While medical treatment of the condition is similar to that of the pulmonary disease, the generally immunocompromised state of those infected with PTB, along with a lack of highly sensitive and specific testing methods make early diagnosis difficult.

Effects of short RNA structural analogues against hepatitis C virus genotypes 2, 3 and 4 in replicon cells.

Objective: To determine whether computer-predicted short RNA structural analogues could inhibit hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2a, 3a and 4a replication in cultured cells.

Methods: Short RNA sequences, X12, X12a and X12b, designed to be identical in secondary structure to the X region in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the HCV 1b genome, as well as shorter stem-loop components of X region, were inserted into a plasmid and transfected into separate Huh7.5 human hepatoma cells stably transfected with subgenomic replicons for genotypes 2a, 3a and 4a.

Electrochemical immunosensors for effective evaluation of amyloid-beta modulators on oligomeric and fibrillar aggregation processes.

A novel electrochemical immunosensor fabricated from gold compact disc electrodes was designed for rapid evaluation of aggregation processes that lead to the formation of oligomeric and fibrillar states of amyloid-beta(1-42) (Aβ(1-42)) during Alzheimer's disease. Conformation-specific antibodies were immobilized on the surface of the gold electrode using a 3,3'-dithiobis (sulfosuccinimidyl) propionate (DTSSP) linker. Surface binding events were analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in which the formation of an antigen-antibody complex was quantified as a function of charge transfer resistance using a [Fe(CN)6](3-/4-) redox probe.