Metabolic flux regulates growth transitions and antibiotic tolerance in uropathogenic .

Unlabelled: Reducing growth and limiting metabolism are strategies that allow bacteria to survive exposure to environmental stress and antibiotics. During infection, uropathogenic (UPEC) may enter a quiescent state that enables them to reemerge after the completion of successful antibiotic treatment. Many clinical isolates, including the well-characterized UPEC strain CFT073, also enter a metabolite-dependent, quiescent state that is reversible with cues, including peptidoglycan-derived peptides and amino acids.

A marine-derived fatty acid targets the cell membrane of Gram-positive bacteria.

With the lack of new antibiotics in the drug discovery pipeline, coupled with accelerated evolution of antibiotic resistance, new sources of antibiotics that target pathogens of clinical importance are paramount. Here, we use bacterial cytological profiling to identify the mechanism of action of the monounsaturated fatty acid ()-13-methyltetra-4-decenoic acid isolated from the marine bacterium with antibacterial effects against Gram-positive bacteria. The fatty acid antibiotic was found to rapidly destabilize the cell membrane by pore formation and membrane aggregation in , suggesting that this fatty acid may be a promising adjuvant used in combination to enhance antibiotic sensitivity.

Metabolic flux regulates growth transitions and antibiotic tolerance in uropathogenic .

Reducing growth and limiting metabolism are strategies that allow bacteria to survive exposure to environmental stress and antibiotics. During infection, uropathogenic (UPEC) may enter a quiescent state that enables them to reemerge after completion of successful antibiotic treatment. Many clinical isolates, including the well characterized UPEC strain CFT073, also enter a metabolite-dependent, quiescent state in vitro that is reversible with cues, including peptidoglycan-derived peptides and amino acids.

Natural products as antivibrio agents: insight into the chemistry and biological activity.

Vibriosis causes serious problems and economic loss in aquaculture and human health. Investigating natural products as antivibrio agents has gained more attention to combat vibriosis. The present review highlights the chemical diversity of antivibrio isolated from bacteria, fungi, plants, and marine organisms.

Screening the PRISM Library against Reveals a Sesquiterpene Lactone from with Inhibitory Activity.

Infections caused by the bacterium continue to pose threats to human health and put a financial burden on the healthcare system. The overuse of antibiotics has contributed to mutations leading to the emergence of methicillin-resistant , and there is a critical need for the discovery and development of new antibiotics to evade drug-resistant bacteria. Medicinal plants have shown promise as sources of new small-molecule therapeutics with potential uses against pathogenic infections.

Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudoalteromonas sp. Strain JC3.

We report the draft genome sequence for Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain JC3, an isolate obtained from an aquaculture facility for whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The JC3 genome suggests multiple mechanisms for microbial interactions, including a type VI secretion system and potential for antibiotic production.

Proteomic signatures of myeloid derived suppressor cells from liver and lung metastases reveal functional divergence and potential therapeutic targets.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) promote immunosuppressive activities in the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in increased tumor burden and diminishing the anti-tumor response of immunotherapies. While primary and metastatic tumors are typically the focal points of therapeutic development, the immune cells of the TME are differentially programmed by the tissue of the metastatic site. In particular, MDSCs are programmed uniquely within different organs in the context of tumor progression.

Identification of a bacteria-produced benzisoxazole with antibiotic activity against multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

The emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria represents a serious and growing threat to national healthcare systems. Most pressing is an immediate need for the development of novel antibacterial agents to treat Gram-negative multi-drug resistant infections, including the opportunistic, hospital-derived pathogen, Acinetobacter baumannii. Herein we report a naturally occurring 1,2-benzisoxazole with minimum inhibitory concentrations as low as 6.

Peptidoglycan Sensing Prevents Quiescence and Promotes Quorum-Independent Colony Growth of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli.

Uropathogenic (UPEC) is the leading cause of human urinary tract infections (UTIs), and many patients experience recurrent infection after successful antibiotic treatment. The source of recurrent infections may be persistent bacterial reservoirs that are in a quiescent state and thus are not susceptible to antibiotics. Here, we show that multiple UPEC strains require a quorum to proliferate with glucose as the carbon source.

Anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb () leaves' extract, the anthraquinone rhein and related compounds.

infects 50 million people worldwide and causes 55 thousand fatalities every year. Current anti-amebic drugs (e.g.

Metabolic Pathway Construction and Optimization of Escherichia coli for High-Level Ectoine Production.

Ectoine is widely produced by various bacteria as a natural cell protectant against environment stress, e.g., osmotic and temperature stress.

Pectic Oligosaccharides from Cranberry Prevent Quiescence and Persistence in the Uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Escherichia coli create a large burden on healthcare and frequently lead to recurrent infections. Part of the success of E. coli as an uropathogenic bacterium can be attributed to its ability to form quiescent intracellular reservoirs in bladder cells and its persistence after antibiotic treatment.

Antagonism of Quorum Sensing Phenotypes by Analogs of the Marine Bacterial Secondary Metabolite 3-Methyl--(2'-Phenylethyl)-Butyramide.

Quorum sensing (QS) antagonists have been proposed as novel therapeutic agents to combat bacterial infections. We previously reported that the secondary metabolite 3-methyl--(2'-phenylethyl)-butyramide, produced by a marine bacterium identified as , inhibits QS controlled phenotypes in multiple Gram-negative reporter strains. Here we report that -phenethyl hexanamide, a structurally-related compound produced by the marine bacterium , similarly demonstrates QS inhibitory properties.

Bacterial Community Dynamics in an Oyster Hatchery in Response to Probiotic Treatment.

Larval oysters in hatcheries are susceptible to diseases caused by bacterial pathogens, including spp. Previous studies have shown that daily addition of the probiotic RI06-95 to water in rearing tanks increases larval survival when challenged with the pathogen . We propose that the presence of probiotics causes shifts in bacterial community structure in rearing tanks, leading to a net decrease in the relative abundance of potential pathogens.

Draft Genome Sequence of the Putative Marine Pathogen sp. I31.1.

sp. I31.1 is a putative pathogen involved in epizootic shell disease in the American lobster (Homarus americanus).

The Probiotic Bacterium Phaeobacter inhibens Downregulates Virulence Factor Transcription in the Shellfish Pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus by -Acyl Homoserine Lactone Production.

S4Sm acts as a probiotic bacterium against the oyster pathogen Here, we report that S4Sm secretes three molecules that downregulate the transcription of major virulence factors, metalloprotease genes, in cultures. The effects of the S4Sm culture supernatant on the transcription of three genes involved in protease activity, namely, , , and (encoding metalloproteases A and B and their transcriptional regulator, respectively), were examined by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression of and were reduced to 36% and 6.

Albisporachelin, a New Hydroxamate Type Siderophore from the Deep Ocean Sediment-Derived Actinomycete WP1.

Marine actinobacteria continue to be a rich source for the discovery of structurally diverse secondary metabolites. Here we present a new hydroxymate siderophore produced by , a recently described species of this less explored actinomycete genus. Strain WP1 was isolated from sediments collected at -2945 m in the Indian Ocean.

Draft Genome Sequence of Loktanella maritima Strain YPC211, a Commensal Bacterium of the American Lobster (Homarus americanus).

strain YPC211 was isolated from the American lobster (). We report here the draft genome sequence for YPC211 and identify genes of potential importance to its role within the microbial community.

Draft Genome Sequence of the Putative Marine Pathogen Aquimarina sp. Strain I32.4.

sp. strain I32.4 (formerly sp.

Draft Genome Sequence of Bowmanella denitrificans JL63, a Bacterium Isolated from Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) That Can Inhibit the Growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

strain JL63 was isolated from a whiteleg shrimp () and was determined to have antibacterial activity against an acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) strain of Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this strain and identify genes that are potentially involved in its antibacterial activity.

A Human Gut Commensal Ferments Cranberry Carbohydrates To Produce Formate.

Commensal bifidobacteria colonize the human gastrointestinal tract and catabolize glycans that are impervious to host digestion. Accordingly, typically secretes acetate and lactate as fermentative end products. This study tested the hypothesis that utilizes cranberry-derived xyloglucans in a strain-dependent manner.

Effect of cranberry () oligosaccharides on the formation of advanced glycation end-products.

The formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are implicated in several chronic human illnesses including type-2 diabetes, renal failure, and neurodegenerative diseases. The cranberry () fruit has been previously reported to show anti-AGEs effects, attributed primarily to its phenolic constituents. However, there is lack of similar data on the non-phenolic constituents found in the cranberry fruit, in particular, its carbohydrate constituents.

Anti-glycation and anti-oxidative effects of a phenolic-enriched maple syrup extract and its protective effects on normal human colon cells.

Oxidative stress and free radical generation accelerate the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) which are linked to several chronic diseases. Published data suggest that phenolic-rich plant foods, show promise as natural anti-AGEs agents due to their anti-oxidation capacities. A phenolic-enriched maple syrup extract (MSX) has previously been reported to show anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects but its anti-AGE effects remain unknown.

Detection of Inulin, a Prebiotic Polysaccharide, in Maple Syrup.

Maple syrup is a widely consumed plant-derived natural sweetener produced by concentrating xylem sap collected from certain maple (Acer) species. During thermal evaporation of water, natural phytochemical components are concentrated in maple syrup. The polymeric components from maple syrup were isolated by ethanol precipitation, dialysis, and anion exchange chromatography and structurally characterized by glycosyl composition analysis, glycosyl linkage analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.