Relationship Between Cooking Fuel and Lens Opacities in South India: A 15-Year Prospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: To determine whether exposure to unclean cooking fuels was associated with subsequent cataract progression as reported in previous cross-sectional studies.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Methods: This is a secondary observational analysis of the community-based Antioxidants in Prevention of Cataracts trial (ClinicalTrials.

Iontophoretic delivery of dexamethasone phosphate for non-infectious, non-necrotising anterior scleritis, dose-finding clinical trial.

Unlabelled: Currently available treatment options for non-infectious scleritis, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapies, have both efficacy and side effect limitations. Iontophoretic delivery of corticosteroids has been demonstrated to be effective for anterior uveitis and represents a potential new approach to scleritis therapy. We hypothesised that iontophoretic delivery would provide effective and precise medication delivery to the sclera, while limiting systemic exposure and side effects.

Associations with retinal vascular occlusions in a diverse, urban population.

Purpose: Retinal vascular occlusions can lead to sudden and permanent visual impairment or blindness. Few epidemiological studies on retinal vascular occlusions have been conducted, especially on diverse populations.

Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study of all incident retinal vascular occlusions occurring during a three and one-half year study period at Montefiore Medical Center, capturing all potential cases by diagnosis codes.

Adjunctive Therapies for Bacterial Keratitis.

Bacterial keratitis is the most common type among all types of infectious keratitis. Currently, antibiotics are the main-stay of treatment. The objective of this systematic review is to review published clinical studies which discuss the adjunctive treatment of bacterial keratitis to guide clinical decision-making.

Complications of Uveitis: The Northern California Epidemiology of Uveitis Study.

Purpose: To describe the uveitis complications in a large, community-based cohort.

Methods: Retrospective, community-based, cross-sectional cohort study analyzing complications and associations with complications.

Results: A total of 844 cases of uveitis were found; 342 were new-onset, and 462 were prior-onset.

Treatment and management of scleral disorders.

Scleral inflammatory disorders, with their extensive differential diagnoses and sometimes as controversial treatment options, pose both diagnostic and clinical challenges for physicians. Targeted laboratory investigations derived from careful history taking and physical examination are crucial in the early identification of patients with associated systemic conditions. Prompt discrimination between episcleritis and scleritis is of therapeutic importance, as management, prognosis, and complications differ for these diseases.

Case-Control Study of Herpes Simplex Eye Disease: Bronx Epidemiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Eye Studies.

Purpose: To determine whether human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), diabetes mellitus, and atopic disease are associated with herpes simplex virus (HSV) eye disease and to examine the characteristics of patients with HIV infection and HSV eye disease.

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Methods: A hospital-based control group was matched to outpatient visits from June 1, 2010, through May 31, 2014, at Montefiore Medical Center (Bronx, NY).

Community practice patterns for bacterial corneal ulcer evaluation and treatment.

Objective: To examine current practice patterns in the management of bacterial keratitis among U.S. ophthalmologists and differences in the management and opinions between cornea specialists and non-cornea specialists.

Posterior segment involvement in Castleman disease.

Purpose: We present here a patient with Castleman disease, a rare lymphoproliferative disorder, involving the vitreous. Her clinical findings are described.

Methods: Retrospective case study with slit-lamp photographs.

The epidemiology of herpes simplex virus eye disease in Northern California.

Purpose: To calculate the incidence and prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) eye disease in a large, well-defined population in Northern California, USA, and to determine the recurrence rate following an initial episode of disease in this cohort.

Methods: A retrospective, observational, cohort study using population-based data and medical record review. The patient database of a large, regional health maintenance organization (Northern California Kaiser Permanente) was searched, and the study population consisted of 1,042,351 people over a 1-year study period from 1 July 1998 through 30 June 1999.

Cuban Ocular Toxoplasmosis Epidemiology Study (COTES): incidence and prevalence of ocular toxoplasmosis in Central Cuba.

Background: Serological studies indicate that rates of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) vary geographically, with higher rates in tropical regions. Little is known about population-based rates of active OT. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of OT in Central Cuba.

Incidence and prevalence of episcleritis and scleritis in Northern California.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and prevalence of episcleritis and scleritis in a large well-defined population in Northern California.

Methods: Secondary analysis was performed on data from the Northern California Epidemiology of Uveitis Study. The patient database of a large regional health maintenance organization was searched for all patients who potentially experienced ocular inflammatory disease during the 12-month study period.

Evolution in the use of intrastromal corneal ring segments for corneal ectasia.

Purpose Of Review: To report the recent advances in the use of intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) for treating patients with corneal ectasia.

Recent Findings: ICRS improve visual, refractive, and keratometric parameters in patients with keratoconus and postlaser in-situ keratomileusis ectasia. ICRS have been made safer, quicker, and more precise with the use of femtosecond lasers for ring insertion.

A typical bilateral Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis in a bone marrow transplant patient with negative serum titers.

Background: Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis can have an atypical presentation and be difficult to diagnose in immunocompromised patients. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment is important since the disease can be aggressive in these patients. This paper is a case report with literature review, emphasizing on the diagnosis and treatment of Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis.

Application of the femtosecond laser LASIK microkeratome in eye banking.

Purpose Of Review: To review the literature for recent advancements in the femtosecond laser technology with regard to its applications in corneal transplantation and eye banking.

Recent Findings: Advancements in corneal surgery have encouraged the use of disease-specific corneal subcomponents, utilized in procedures such as anterior-lamellar keratoplasty and endothelial keratoplasty, instead of traditional transplant procedures to minimize adverse effects of penetrating keratoplasty. Femtosecond laser microkeratomes can precisely create flaps for such transplant procedures, achieve better wound stability, and promote healing by shaped wound configurations.

Protocol for vital dye staining of corneal endothelial cells.

Purpose: To describe a step-by-step methodology to establish a reproducible staining protocol for the evaluation of human corneal endothelial cells.

Methods: Four procedures were performed to determine the best protocol. (1) To determine the optimal trypan blue staining method, goat corneas were stained with 4 dilutions of trypan blue (0.

LASIK interface keratitis: epidemiology, diagnosis and care.

Purpose Of Review: Diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) is one of the more common interface complications occurs after laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK). The diagnosis can sometimes be challenging, as the differential diagnosis includes infectious keratitis, which requires a completely different treatment compared to DLK. This review assesses our current knowledge of the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of DLK.

Epidemiology of ulcerative keratitis in Northern California.

Objective: To determine the incidence and associated risk factors for ulcerative keratitis in northern California.

Methods: In this large-population, retrospective, cohort study, all medical records with diagnosis coding for corneal ulcers during a consecutive 12-month period were reviewed. Incidence rates were calculated using a dynamic population model.

Atopic disease and herpes simplex eye disease: a population-based case-control study.

Purpose: To determine whether atopy is associated with herpes simplex virus (HSV) ocular disease.

Design: Retrospective, population-based, case-control study.

Setting: Large, regional health maintenance organization (Northern California Kaiser Permanente).

Antioxidants in prevention of cataracts in South India: methodology and baseline data*.

Purpose: To describe the methodology and baseline data for the Antioxidants in Prevention of Cataracts (APC) study in South India.

Methods: The APC study is a prospective, 5-year, randomized, triple-masked, placebo-controlled, field-based clinical trial to examine the effect of antioxidants (combination tablet of vitamins A, C, and E) on progression of cataract. The primary outcome variable is cataract progression (nuclear opalescence), evaluated with the slit-lamp biomicroscope by the Lens Opacification Classification System III method.

Predictive value of frequency doubling technology perimetry for detecting glaucoma in a developing country.

Purpose: To determine the feasibility and diagnostic precision of Frequency Doubling Technology (FDT) perimetry as a method to detect glaucoma in rural villages of a developing country.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Testing included FDT perimetry (C-20-5 screening protocol), tonometry, anterior segment biomicroscopy, and dilated ophthalmoscopy in 296 rural, non-English speaking residents of Southern India over 35 years old.