Vaccine mandates in the time of Omicron.

Nil.

Nocturnal enuresis in patients taking clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine and quetiapine: comparative cohort study.

Background: Nocturnal enuresis has been reported in patients taking clozapine, but the incidence has not been accurately established. The incidence of enuresis in patients taking risperidone, olanzapine or quetiapine is unknown. Aims To compare nocturnal enuresis in patients taking clozapine with that in patients taking risperidone, olanzapine or quetiapine.

Consequences in women of participating in a study of the natural history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3.

Background: A retrospective cohort study was performed in 1063 women diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) (previously termed carcinoma in situ- CIS) in the National Women's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand. The study describes the clinical management and outcomes for women with CIN3 diagnosed in the decade of 1965-1974, when treatment with curative intent was withheld in an unethical clinical study of the natural history of CIS. A comparison is made with women who were diagnosed earlier (1955-1964) and later (1975-1976).

Male circumcision and serologically determined human papillomavirus infection in a birth cohort.

Circumcision has been reported to protect against infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) in men, but results have been inconsistent. We followed males in a birth cohort born in Dunedin, New Zealand, in 1972 and 1973 from age 3 to 32 years. Seropositivity at age 32 years for the oncogenic types HPV-16 and 18, and the nononcogenic types 6 and 11, was studied in relation to maternal reports of circumcision status at age 3 for 450 men.

Natural history of cervical neoplasia and risk of invasive cancer in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The invasive potential of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN3; also termed stage 0 carcinoma) has been poorly defined. At the National Women's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand, treatment of CIN3 was withheld from a substantial number of women between 1965 and 1974 as part of an unethical clinical study. The resulting variation in management allows comparison of the long-term risk of invasive cancer of the cervix in women whose lesion was minimally disturbed with those who had adequate initial treatment followed by conventional management.

Vitamin and mineral supplements in pregnancy and the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a case-control study.

Background: An earlier case-control study from Western Australia reported a protective effect of maternal folic acid supplementation during pregnancy on the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The present study tested that association.

Methods: A national case-control study was conducted in New Zealand.

Review of cytologic slides from the national women's hospital, New Zealand, cohort of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 diagnosed in 1955-1976.

Objective: To review cytologic slides, mostly at least 25 years old, from women attending National Women's Hospital, Auckland, who had been diagnosed histologically with cervical carcinoma in situ in 1955-1976.

Study Design: Smears comprised all those from the 2 years following diagnosis as well as all subsequent smears for women who developed "microinvasive" or invasive lower genital tract cancer. The Victorian Cytology Service performed the review using the Australian Modified Bethesda System.

Body piercing, personality, and sexual behavior.

The associations of body piercing with other social characteristics, personality, and sexual behavior were investigated in a population-based sample of young adults, in light of the theory that body piercing has meaning in terms of a corporeal expression of the self. At age 26 years, 966 (95%) of 1019 members of the birth-cohort of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study were asked about body piercing (at interview) and sexual behavior (questions presented by computer). Assessment of personality traits was conducted at ages 18 or 21 years.

Air travel and fatal pulmonary embolism.

Although long-distance air travel is commonly regarded as a risk factor for venous thromboembolism, the risk of clinically important events has not been well defined. We estimated the absolute risk of dying from pulmonary embolism following long-distance air travel in a national population-based descriptive study of 121 men and women who were aged 15-59 years (the age range in which the majority of international arrivals are found) and whose underlying cause of death was certified as codes 415.1, 451, or 453 of the International Classification of Diseases (ninth revision).

Risk factors for prostate cancer: A national case-control study.

Statutory notification of cancer in New Zealand provided an opportunity to investigate risk factors for prostate cancer in a large national population-based case-control study. We analyzed data obtained from telephone interviews with 923 cases and 1,224 controls. For inclusion in the study, all subjects had to have been married at some time.

PSA testing and digital rectal examination in New Zealand.

Objective: To investigate the use of digital rectal examination and prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing in a population-based sample of men in New Zealand.

Methods: A random selection of men aged 40-74 years, weighted by age, was chosen from the general electoral roll of New Zealand. Only men with a telephone who had been married at some time were eligible.

Vasectomy and risk of prostate cancer.

Context: Vasectomy is a common method of contraception, but concern exists about a reported association with risk of prostate cancer.

Objective: To examine whether vasectomy increases risk of prostate cancer.

Design, Setting, And Participants: National population-based case-control study of 923 new cases of prostate cancer among men aged 40 to 74 years from the New Zealand Cancer Registry who were on the general electoral roll.

Comparison of cancer mortality and incidence in New Zealand and Australia.

Aims: To compare cancer mortality and incidence data from New Zealand and Australia, in order to gauge the potential for reducing deaths from cancer in New Zealand.

Methods: For 1996 and 1997, numbers of deaths from cancer, numbers of new cases, and population data were stratified in 5-year age-groups. Numbers observed in New Zealand were compared with numbers expected from Australian rates.