Effect of vitamin D and calcium carbonate supplementation on muscle strength in postmenopausal women living with HIV.

Background: Both falls and fractures are increased in older persons living with HIV (PLWH). Low serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels have been associated with falls, fractures and poor muscle strength. We hypothesized that vitamin D (VitD) supplementation would improve muscle strength in postmenopausal PLWH.

An investigation of the information technology needs associated with delivering chronic disease care to large clinical populations.

Background: The growing number of individuals with complex medical and social needs has motivated the adoption of care management (CM) - programs wherein multidisciplinary teams coordinate and monitor the clinical and non-clinical aspects of care for patients with chronic disease. Despite claims that health information technology (IT) is essential to CM, there has been limited research focused on the IT needs of clinicians providing care management to large groups of patients with chronic disease.

Objective: To assess clinicians' needs pertaining to CM and to identify inefficiencies and bottlenecks associated with the delivery of CM to large groups of patients with chronic disease.

A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Low- Versus Moderate-Dose Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women With HIV.

Background: Prevalence of osteoporosis and fracture is increased among older people with HIV. We compared the effects of low (1000 IU) vs moderate (3000 IU) vitamin D3 (VitD) supplementation on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) in African American and Hispanic postmenopausal women with HIV on antiretroviral therapy.

Methods: We performed a 12-month prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with primary outcomes of change in aBMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and secondary outcomes of change in vBMD by quantitative computed tomography and bone turnover markers.

Cardiovascular Risk in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Postmenopausal Minority Women: Use of the Framingham Risk Score.

Objective: To characterize and compare cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in HIV-infected and uninfected postmenopausal minority women using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) as an assessment measure.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed in 152 (109 HIV+, 43 HIV-) subjects from an existing study cohort of postmenopausal Hispanic and African American women. Data necessary to calculate FRS and menopause features were retrieved by retrospective chart review.

Effect of Patient Navigation With or Without Financial Incentives on Viral Suppression Among Hospitalized Patients With HIV Infection and Substance Use: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Substance use is a major driver of the HIV epidemic and is associated with poor HIV care outcomes. Patient navigation (care coordination with case management) and the use of financial incentives for achieving predetermined outcomes are interventions increasingly promoted to engage patients in substance use disorders treatment and HIV care, but there is little evidence for their efficacy in improving HIV-1 viral suppression rates.

Objective: To assess the effect of a structured patient navigation intervention with or without financial incentives to improve HIV-1 viral suppression rates among patients with elevated HIV-1 viral loads and substance use recruited as hospital inpatients.

MOBILE SCREENING TO IDENTIFY AND FOLLOW-UP WITH HIGH RISK, HIV NEGATIVE YOUTH.

Background: HIV prevalence remains disproportionately high among youth, especially among young men who have sex with men, young people with substance use disorders, and recently incarcerated youth. However, youth may not report behavioral risks because they fear stigma or legal consequences. While routine HIV screening programs have increased testing, current programs are not designed to identify, or provide prevention services to, high-risk patients who test HIV negative.

Trabecular and cortical microarchitecture in postmenopausal HIV-infected women.

Our objective was to assess the effects of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy on trabecular and cortical microarchitecture in postmenopausal minority women. A subgroup of 106 (46 HIV-infected, 60 uninfected) postmenopausal Hispanic and African American women from an established cohort had areal bone mineral density (aBMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and trabecular and cortical volumetric BMD (vBMD) and microarchitecture measured by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) at the radius and tibia. HIV-infected women were slightly younger (58 ± 1 vs.

Higher rates of bone loss in postmenopausal HIV-infected women: a longitudinal study.

Context And Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the effects of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy on change in bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal minority women.

Design, Setting, And Patients: We report a longitudinal analysis of change in BMD with a median duration of 15.4 (interquartile range 13.

Low bone mass and high bone turnover in postmenopausal human immunodeficiency virus-infected women.

Context: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is commonly reported in young men and women with HIV infection, and fracture rates may be higher. With effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), the HIV population is aging. However, little is known about the skeletal status of postmenopausal women.

Evolution of epidemiologic methods and concepts in selected textbooks of the 20th century.

Textbooks are an expression of the state of development of a discipline at a given moment in time. By reviewing eight epidemiology textbooks published over the course of a century, we have attempted to trace the evolution of five epidemiologic concepts and methods: study design (cohort studies and case-control studies), confounding, bias, interaction and causal inference. Overall, these eight textbooks can be grouped into three generations.