Comparative evaluation of the accuracy of six different apex locators in working length determination of molars using intraoral periapical radiographs: An study.

Context: One of the crucial steps in endodontic treatment is determining the working length (WL). There are various methods for performing this procedure, one of which is an electronic apex locator (EAL) measurement.

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of six EALs, i.

Tylophorine Analogs Allosterically Regulates Heat Shock Cognate Protein 70 And Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Replication.

Tylophorine analogs have been shown to exhibit diverse activities against cancer, inflammation, arthritis, and lupus in vivo. In this study, we demonstrated that two tylophorine analogs, DCB-3503 and rac-cryptopleurine, exhibit potent inhibitory activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in genotype 1b Con 1 isolate. The inhibition of HCV replication is at least partially mediated through cellular heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70).

Tylophorine Analog DCB-3503 Inhibited Cyclin D1 Translation through Allosteric Regulation of Heat Shock Cognate Protein 70.

Tylophorine analog DCB-3503 is a potential anticancer and immunosuppressive agent that suppresses the translation of cellular regulatory proteins, including cyclin D1, at the elongation step. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unknown. This study demonstrates that DCB-3503 preferentially binds to heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70), which is a determinant for cyclin D1 translation by binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3' UTR) of its mRNA.

1,2-cis Alkyl glycosides: straightforward glycosylation from unprotected 1-thioglycosyl donors.

A 1,2-cis-alkyl glycosidation protocol that makes use of unprotected phenyl 1-thioglycosyl donors is reported. Glycosylation of various functionalized alcohols was accomplished in moderate to high yield and selectivity to give the 1,2-cis-glycosides. In order to quickly develop optimum glycosylation conditions, an FIA (flow injection analysis)-ESI-TOF-MS method was developed that enabled rapid and quantitative evaluation of yield on small scale.

Structural evidence for inter-residue hydrogen bonding observed for cellobiose in aqueous solution.

The structure of the disaccharide cellulose subunit cellobiose (4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose) in solution has been determined via neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution (NDIS), computer modeling and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic studies. This study shows direct evidence for an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the reducing ring HO3 hydroxyl group and the non-reducing ring oxygen (O5') that has been previously predicted by computation and NMR analysis. Moreover, this work shows that hydrogen bonding to the non-reducing ring O5' oxygen is shared between water and the HO3 hydroxyl group with an average of 50% occupancy by each hydrogen-bond donor.

Medicare Part D policy update and implications for 2010.

Background: Medicare Part D has changed since its inception in 2006, with some changes defined by statute and others resulting from guidance issued by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). This article describes and catalogs the changes for 2010.

Objectives: To review changes to the benefit for 2010 and interpret these changes and provide implications for plan sponsors, pharmacists, beneficiaries, and pharmaceutical companies.

Synthesis of a C-linked hyaluronic acid disaccharide mimetic.

The synthesis of a C-disaccharide that is designed as a mimetic for the repeating unit disaccharide of hyaluronic acid is described. The target compound was obtained via the SmI2-promoted coupling reaction of the sulfone, 2-acetamido-4,6-O-benzylidene-3-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-1,2-dideoxy-1-pyridinylsulfonyl-beta-D-glucopyranose (6), and the aldehyde, p-methoxyphenyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-4-deoxy-4-C-formyl-6-O-p-methoxybenzyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (14).

Structure-activity studies of phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids as potential antitumor agents.

Five phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids (PA) were chemically synthesized and seven were isolated from Tylophora atrofolliculata. To facilitate future drug design of phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids as potential antitumor agents, we have explored the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of this class of compounds. We demonstrated that DCB-3503 and tylophorinidine (PA-7) were among the most active compounds against tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo.

Inhibition of cell growth and nuclear factor-kappaB activity in pancreatic cancer cell lines by a tylophorine analogue, DCB-3503.

A tylophorine analogue, DCB-3503, has been shown to have potent activity against tumor growth in vitro and in vivo, as well as activity in an autoimmune disease model in vivo. This study focuses on investigating the mechanisms responsible for antitumor activity of DCB-3503. The concentrations for inhibiting 50% growth/colony formation ability are 50/162 and 40/149 nmol/L for PANC-1 and HPAC cells, respectively.

Abrogation of skin disease in LUPUS-prone MRL/FASlpr mice by means of a novel tylophorine analog.

Objective: To test the therapeutic effect of DCB-3503, a synthetic compound derived from a natural product that inhibits NF-kappaB, on end-organ disease in the MRL-Fas(lpr) murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: Eight-week-old female MRL/Fas(lpr) mice were treated intraperitoneally with a low (2 mg/kg) or high (6 mg/kg) dose of DCB-3503 for 10 weeks. Control groups were administered vehicle treatment alone (negative control) or 25 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (positive control).

Analysis and glycosyl composition of the exopolysaccharide isolated from the floc-forming wastewater bacterium Thauera sp. MZ1T.

Conditions were developed for the reproducible production, isolation and characterization of a novel microbial extracellular polysaccharide believed to be involved in transient viscous bulking at an industrial wastewater treatment plant. The exopolysaccharide was extracted from cell-free culture supernatants of Thauera sp. strain MZ1T grown on a minimal medium with succinate.

Fluorinated cyclitols as useful biological probes of phosphatidylinositol metabolism.

A number of deoxyfluoro cyclitols have been synthesized and evaluated as probes of the phosphatidylinositol pathway (PtdIns pathway), most notably 5-deoxy-5-fluoro-myo-inositol, which is incorporated into the pathway at about 25% the level of myo-inositol itself. Unfortunately, none of the cyclitols have proved effective in limiting cell proliferation, as the cells are able to 'synthesize around' the fraudulent cyclitols using natural myo-inositol as substrate. Inhibitors for 3-phosphatidylinositol kinase, which has importance in a number of pathological conditions, including cancer, have been intensively investigated.

A pair of epimeric 13-hydroxy-2,3,6,7-tetramethoxy-8b,11,12,12a,13,13a-hexahydro-9H-9a-azacyclopenta[b]triphenylene-10-ones.

The structures of two compounds which are intermediates in the synthesis of phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids have been determined. (8bS,13aS,14R,14aR)-8b,9,11,12,13,13a,14,14a-Octahydro-14-hydroxy-2,3,6,7-tetramethoxydibenzo[f,h]pyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinolin-11-one acetone solvate, C24H27NO6.C3H6O, (II), crystallizes in a chiral space group with one solvent molecule (acetone) present in the asymmetric unit.