Exposure to Non-Steady-State Oxygen Is Reflected in Changes to Arterial Blood Gas Values, Prefrontal Cortical Activity, and Systemic Cytokine Levels.

Onboard oxygen-generating systems (OBOGSs) provide increased inspired oxygen (FO) to mitigate the risk of neurologic injury in high altitude aviators. OBOGSs can deliver highly variable oxygen concentrations oscillating around a predetermined FO set point, even when the aircraft cabin altitude is relatively stable. Steady-state exposure to 100% FO evokes neurovascular vasoconstriction, diminished cerebral perfusion, and altered electroencephalographic activity.

Climate change and Australia's primary industries: factors hampering an effective and coordinated response.

Australia's primary production sector operates in one of the world's most variable climates with future climate change posing a challenge to its ongoing sustainability. Recognising this, Australia has invested in understanding climate change risks to primary production with a substantial amount of research produced. Recently, focus on this research space has broadened, with interests from the financial sector and expanded scopes of works from government and industry.

A case of capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation and Ebstein's anomaly in a child with EphB4 mutation.

Capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM) is a rare condition characterized by multiple cutaneous capillary malformations with potential associated arteriovenous malformations. RAS p21 protein activator 1 (RASA1) and ephrin type-B receptor 4 (EPHB4) genes are implicated. We present a child with CM-AVM, due to EPHB4 mutation, and Ebstein's anomaly.

Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Skin.

Context: - Human papillomavirus is implicated in the pathogenesis of benign and malignant neoplasms of the skin.

Objective: - To review the role of human papillomavirus in the development of malignancies and their precursor lesions in skin.

Data Sources: - The study comprised a review of the literature.

Clinical Impact of Cabin Altitude Restriction Following Aeromedical Evacuation.

Combat medical care relies on aeromedical evacuation (AE). Vital to AE is the validating flight surgeon (VFS) who warrants a patient is "fit to fly." To do this, the VFS considers clinical characteristics and inflight physiological stressors, often prescribing specific interventions such as a cabin altitude restriction (CAR).

Regulated expression of a cytokinin biosynthesis gene IPT delays leaf senescence and improves yield under rainfed and irrigated conditions in canola (Brassica napus L.).

Delay of leaf senescence through genetic modification can potentially improve crop yield, through maintenance of photosynthetically active leaves for a longer period. Plant growth hormones such as cytokinin regulate and delay leaf senescence. Here, the structural gene (IPT) encoding the cytokinin biosynthetic enzyme isopentenyltransferase was fused to a functionally active fragment of the AtMYB32 promoter and was transformed into canola plants.

Improving yield potential in crops under elevated CO(2): Integrating the photosynthetic and nitrogen utilization efficiencies.

Increasing crop productivity to meet burgeoning human food demand is challenging under changing environmental conditions. Since industrial revolution atmospheric CO(2) levels have linearly increased. Developing crop varieties with increased utilization of CO(2) for photosynthesis is an urgent requirement to cope with the irreversible rise of atmospheric CO(2) and achieve higher food production.

Myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the uterus.

Aims: Recent guidelines have suggested the presence of tumour cell necrosis (TCN), atypia and mitotic index as major features in the distinction of myxoid leiomyosarcomas (MLMSs) from myxoid leiomyomas. The aim of this study was to focus on an invasive growth pattern as a significant feature in this distinction in the absence of TCN.

Methods And Results: Twelve uterine smooth muscle tumours with myxoid change in ≥60% of the lesion were interpreted as MLMS on the basis of the presence of focal mild atypia as well as one or more of the following features: (i) infiltrative growth pattern; (ii) vascular invasion; (iii) mitotic index of ≥5 mitotic figures (m.