Evaluating the Performance of ChatGPT in the Prescribing Safety Assessment: Implications for Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Prescribing.

Objective With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, models like Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) are increasingly being evaluated for their potential applications in healthcare. The Prescribing Safety Assessment (PSA) is a standardised test for junior physicians in the UK to evaluate prescribing competence. This study aims to assess ChatGPT's ability to pass the PSA and its performance across different exam sections.

Narrative predicts cardiac synchrony in audiences.

Audio-visual media possesses a remarkable ability to synchronise audiences' neural, behavioural, and physiological responses. This synchronisation is considered to reflect some dimension of collective attention or engagement with the stimulus. But what is it about these stimuli that drives such strong engagement? There are several properties of media stimuli which may lead to synchronous audience response: from low-level audio-visual features, to the story itself.

GMP implementation of a hybrid continuous manufacturing process for a recombinant non-mAb protein-A case study.

Advances in manufacturing technology coupled with the increased potency of new biotherapeutic modalities have created an external environment where continuous manufacturing (CM) can address a growing need. Amgen has successfully implemented a hybrid CM process for a commercial lifecycle program. In this process, the bioreactor, harvest, capture column, and viral inactivation/depth filtration unit operations were integrated together in an automated, continuous module, while the remaining downstream unit operations took place in stand-alone batch mode.

BVI-VFI: A Video Quality Database for Video Frame Interpolation.

Video frame interpolation (VFI) is a fundamental research topic in video processing, which is currently attracting increased attention across the research community. While the development of more advanced VFI algorithms has been extensively researched, there remains little understanding of how humans perceive the quality of interpolated content and how well existing objective quality assessment methods perform when measuring the perceived quality. In order to narrow this research gap, we have developed a new video quality database named BVI-VFI, which contains 540 distorted sequences generated by applying five commonly used VFI algorithms to 36 diverse source videos with various spatial resolutions and frame rates.

Five-meter walk test before transcatheter aortic valve replacement and 1-year noncardiac mortality.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess whether the 5-m walk test is associated with 1-year mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Methods: Included in the analysis were 304 patients who received the 5-m walk test and underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement from September 2012 to March 2019. They were classified into 3 groups based on their test score: ≤7, >7, and unable to walk.

Outcomes of Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Viral Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Our study assessed the relationship between the duration of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) and patient outcomes. We studied patients undergoing V-V ECMO support for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) between 2009 and 2017 who were reported to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry. We evaluated survival, major bleeding, renal failure, pulmonary complications, mechanical complications, neurologic complications, infection, and duration of V-V ECMO support.

The Potential of Topoisomerase Inhibitor-Based Antibody-Drug Conjugates.

DNA topoisomerases are essential enzymes that stabilize DNA supercoiling and resolve entanglements. Topoisomerase inhibitors have been widely used as anti-cancer drugs for the past 20 years. Due to their selectivity as topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors that trap TOP1 cleavage complexes, camptothecin and its derivatives are promising anti-cancer drugs.

AZD2014, a dual mTOR inhibitor, attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo.

Cardiac hypertrophy is one of the most common genetic heart disorders and considered a risk factor for cardiac morbidity and mortality. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a key regulatory function in cardiovascular physiology and pathology in hypertrophy. AZD2014 is a small-molecule ATP competitive mTOR inhibitor working on both mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes.

Peptide Adjuvant to Invigorate Cytolytic Activity of NK Cells in an Obese Mouse Cancer Model.

Cancer patients who are overweight compared to those with normal body weight have obesity-associated alterations of natural killer (NK) cells, characterized by poor cytotoxicity, slow proliferation, and inadequate anti-cancer activity. Concomitantly, prohibitin overexpressed by cancer cells elevates glucose metabolism, rendering the tumor microenvironment (TME) more tumor-favorable, and leading to malfunction of immune cells present in the TME. These changes cause vicious cycles of tumor growth.

Targeted delivery of heat shock protein 90 inhibitors prevents growth of HER2-positive tumor.

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) plays a crucial role in the survival of cancer cells. When an inhibitor blocks the signaling pathway of HSP90, its client proteins are degraded, destabilized, and inactivated. Although HSP90 inhibitors are in various clinical trials, there are no HSP90 inhibitor-immunoconjugates due to the difficulty in chemical modification of HSP90 inhibitors.

Simvastatin Treatment Does Not Ameliorate Muscle Pathophysiology in a Mouse Model for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked, recessive muscular dystrophy in which the absence of the dystrophin protein leads to fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress, resulting in loss of muscle tissue. Drug repurposing, i.e.

Short-Term Risk of Bilateral Internal Mammary Artery Grafting in Diabetic Patients.

This study compares the morbidity and mortality at 30 days following the use of bilateral internal mammary arteries (BIMA) vs a single internal mammary artery (SIMA) at the time of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with a preoperative HbA1c. Patients undergoing CABG from January 2008 to December 2016 reported to the Society of Thoracic Surgeons database were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into 2 groups: use of BIMA or use of SIMA and propensity matched.

Characterizing the spatiotemporal envelope of the human visual system through the visibility of temporal aliasing artifacts.

Previous studies have demonstrated that the onset of temporal aliasing artifacts occurs when the spatial displacement between samples reaches a critical distance, and that subsequently a linear relationship exists between stimulus speed and critical sampling rates. In this paper, we carry out further experimentation using a novel experimental setup, in which a strobe light is used to emulate impulsive temporal sampling, in order to investigate the spatiotemporal envelope of the human visual system and the effect of a stimulus. For non-periodic stimuli, experimental results show that critical sampling rates increase with motion speed and decrease with stimulus width.

The Effect of Container Surface Passivation on Aggregation of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Induced by Mechanical Shock.

Aggregation of therapeutic proteins can result from a number of stress conditions encountered during their manufacture, transportation, and storage. This work shows the effects of two interrelated sources of protein aggregation: the chemistry and structure of the surface of the container in which the protein is stored, and mechanical shocks that may result from handling of the formulation. How different mechanical stress conditions (dropping, tumbling, and agitation) and container surface passivation affect the stability of solutions of intravenous immunoglobulin are investigated.

Flocculation behavior and mechanisms of block copolymer architectures on silica microparticle and Chlorella vulgaris systems.

Hypothesis: Flocculation performance using polyelectrolytes is influenced by critical design parameters including molecular weight, amount and sign of the ionic charge, and polymer architecture. It is expected that systematic variation of these characteristics will impact not only flocculation efficiency (FE) achieved but that charge density and architecture, specifically, can alter the flocculation mechanism. Therefore, it should be possible to tune these design parameters for a desired flocculation application.

The Role of Adjuvant Therapy in Advanced Thymic Carcinoma: A National Cancer Database Analysis.

Background: There is area of controversy and variability in the recommendation for the role of adjuvant therapy after R0 resection of a Masaoka stage IIB and III thymic carcinoma. This study investigated the role of adjuvant therapy in patients who had complete surgical resection for thymic carcinoma.

Methods: Patients with stage IIB and III thymic carcinoma who underwent curative resection were queried and categorized according to Masaoka-Koga stage groups from the National Cancer Database.

Surface-Templated Nanobubbles Protect Proteins from Surface-Mediated Denaturation.

In this Letter, we report that surface-bound nanobubbles reduce protein denaturation on methylated glass by irreversible protein shell formation. Single-molecule total internal reflection fluorescence (SM-TIRF) microscopy was combined with intramolecular Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to study the conformational dynamics of nitroreductase (NfsB) on nanobubble-laden methylated glass surfaces, using reflection brightfield microscopy to register nanobubble locations with NfsB adsorption. First, NfsB adsorbed irreversibly to nanobubbles with no apparent desorption after 5 h.

Imaging assessment of cardioprotection mediated by a dodecafluoropentane oxygen-carrier administered during myocardial infarction.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the cardioprotective effects of a dodecafluoropentane (DDFP)-based perfluorocarbon emulsion (DDFPe) as an artificial carrier for oxygen delivery to ischemic myocardium, using Tc-duramycin SPECT imaging.

Methods: Rat hearts with Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) was prepared by coronary ligation for 45-min followed by reperfusion. The feasibility of Tc-duramycin in detecting myocardial I/R injury and its kinetic profile were first verified in the ischemic hearts with 2-h reperfusion (n = 6).

Cell surface engineering and application in cell delivery to heart diseases.

Cell-based therapy has expanded its influence in cancer immunotherapy, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering. Due to their secretory functions, differentiation capabilities, specific homing effects through chemotaxis, distinctive therapeutic potentials, and expandability, cells have become an attractive reagent for advanced therapeutic strategies. Therefore, the ability to modify cells and manipulate their functions according to intended therapeutic designs has been the central scientific interest in the field of biomedical research.

One-Step Method for Instant Generation of Advanced Allogeneic NK Cells.

Conventional combinatorial anticancer therapy has shown promising outcomes; still, a significant interest in developing new methods to reinforce and possibly merge chemotherapy and immunotherapy persists. Here, a new one-step method that immediately modifies immune cells into a targeted form of chemoimmunotherapy through spontaneous and rapid incorporation of hydrophobized antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) on the surface of immune cells is presented. Therapeutic objectives of this approach include targeted delivery of a potent chemotherapeutic agent to avoid adverse effects, enhancing the mobilization of infused immune cells toward tumor sites, and preserving the intense cytotoxic activities of immune cells against tumor cells.

Is There a Role for Cancer-Directed Surgery in Early-Stage Sarcomatoid or Biphasic Mesothelioma?

Background: Benefits of surgical resection for early-stage nonepithelioid malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) have not been clearly elucidated. This study investigated whether cancer-directed surgery affects overall survival compared with nonsurgical therapies for T1-T2 N0 M0 sarcomatoid or biphasic MPM patients.

Methods: Adult patients with clinical stage I or II MPM were identified in the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2103.

Polyacrylamide Hydrogels Produce Hydrogen Peroxide from Osmotic Swelling in Aqueous Media.

This work demonstrates that hydrogen peroxide (HO) is generated in weak polyacrylamide hydrogels due to mechanochemical reactions to osmotic swelling. Hydrogels are important tools and materials for many biomedical applications, particularly for growth of stem cells. However, swollen gels are under constant tension, which makes their individual chains susceptible to mechanochemical bond breakage.

Contact Line Pinning Is Not Required for Nanobubble Stability on Copolymer Brushes.

Whereas nanobubble stability on solid surfaces is thought to be based on local surface structure, in this work, we show that nanobubble stability on polymer brushes does not appear to require contact-line pinning. Glass surfaces were functionalized with copolymer brushes containing mixtures of hydrophobic and hydrophilic segments, exhibiting water contact angles ranging from 10 to 75°. On unmodified glass, dissolution and redeposition of nanobubbles resulted in reformation in mostly the same locations, consistent with the contact line pinning hypothesis.

Denoising imaging polarimetry by adapted BM3D method.

In addition to the visual information contained in intensity and color, imaging polarimetry allows visual information to be extracted from the polarization of light. However, a major challenge of imaging polarimetry is image degradation due to noise. This paper investigates the mitigation of noise through denoising algorithms and compares existing denoising algorithms with a new method, based on BM3D (Block Matching 3D).