Synthesis of Hydroxamic Acid Derivatives Using Blocked (Masked) -Isocyanate Precursors.

Hydroxamic acids are present in a several pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Synthetic strategies providing access to hydroxamic acid derivatives remain limited, typically requiring the use of nucleophilic hydroxylamine reagents. Herein, a synthesis of hydroxamates from unactivated carboxylic acids is reported making use of rare blocked (masked) -substituted isocyanates.

The influence of palatal harvesting technique on the donor site vascular injury: A split-mouth comparative cadaver study.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of two harvesting approaches on the donor site vascular injury.

Methods: A split-mouth cadaver study was designed on 21 fresh donor heads. Every hemi-palate was assigned to receive the trap-door harvesting technique (TDT) or the epithelialized free gingival graft harvesting technique (FGGT).

Formation of Complex Hydrazine Derivatives via Aza-Lossen Rearrangement.

The development of a broadly applicable procedure for the aza-Lossen rearrangement is reported. This process converts amines into complex hydrazine derivatives in two steps under safe, mild conditions. This method allows the chemoselective formation of N-N bonds, resulting in the synthesis of cyclic and acyclic products while avoiding side reactions of the amphoteric (ambident) nitrogen-substituted isocyanate intermediate.

Incidental Anatomic Finding of Celiacomesenteric Trunk Associated with 'Nutcracker Phenomenon,' or Compression of the Left Renal Vein.

BACKGROUND Celiacomesenteric trunk (CMT) is a very rare anatomic finding in which the celiac artery and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) originate from the abdominal aorta through a common trunk. Clinical associations with CMT include arterial aneurysm, thrombosis, and celiac artery compression. However, an association between CMT and abdominal venous congestion caused by left renal vein compression, or 'nutcracker phenomenon,' has not been previously reported.

Branching patterns and localization of the common fibular (peroneal) nerve: an anatomical basis for planning safe surgical approaches.

Purpose: Given the severity and incidence of injury to the common fibular (peroneal) nerve (CFN), there is a need to further clarify its anatomical location and branching patterns. This project attempts to consolidate current anatomical understanding of this nerve and provide physicians with reproducible measurements regarding the CFN and its branches.

Methods: Dissections were performed on 50 specimens (28 cadavers), both fresh and preserved.

Impact of underestimating the effects of cold temperature on motor vehicle start emissions of air toxics in the United States.

Analyses of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) certification data, California Air Resources Board surveillance testing data, and EPA research testing data indicated that EPA's MOBILE6.