Global trends in antibiotic consumption during 2016-2023 and future projections through 2030.

Antibiotic resistance is a global public health threat. Many factors contribute to this issue, with human antibiotic consumption being significant among them. Analyzing trends and patterns in consumption can aid in developing policies to mitigate the burden of antimicrobial resistance and global disparities in access to antibiotics.

A Rare Presentation of Acute Suppurative Thyroiditis.

A previously healthy 17-year-old female patient initially presented with symptoms of anterior neck pain. After multiple emergency department visits, she was found to have unilateral enlargement of her thyroid gland. Laboratory studies were consistent with hyperthyroidism.

Leukocyte-Poor Platelet-Rich Plasma as a Treatment for Patellar Tendinopathy A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare regimens of eccentric exercise and dry-needling, with and without an ultrasound-guided leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma (LP-PRP) injection, in patients with patellar tendinopathy.

Methods: Patients with symptomatic patellar tendinopathy based on physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging and who had failed at least 6 weeks of nonoperative treatment were enrolled and randomized at two centers to receive ultrasound-guided dry-needling (DN) alone or in addition to an injection of LP-PRP coupled with standardized eccentric strengthening exercises. Participants completed patient-reported outcome surveys at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 26 weeks post-treatment.

Factors Associated with Patient Satisfaction After Periacetabular Osteotomy.

Background: The periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) was developed to treat acetabular dysplasia and avoid the progression of osteoarthritis. Prior research has correlated demographic and radiographic variables with postoperative patient outcomes but with limited focus on patient expectations and correlation with satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to determine whether any such associations exist with the PAO.

The global macroeconomic burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: estimates and projections for 152 countries or territories.

Background: Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (ADODs) severely threaten the wellbeing of older people, their families, and communities, especially with projected exponential growth. Understanding the macroeconomic implications of ADODs for policy making is essential but under-researched.

Methods: We used a health-augmented macroeconomic model to calculate the macroeconomic burden of ADODs for 152 countries or territories, accounting for: the effect on labour supply of reduced working hours of informal caregivers; the effect on labour supply of ADODs-related mortality and morbidity; age-sex-specific differences in education, work experience, labour market participations, and informal caregivers; and treatment and formal care costs diverting from savings and investments.

The harms of promoting the lab leak hypothesis for SARS-CoV-2 origins without evidence.

Science is humanity's best insurance against threats from nature, but it is a fragile enterprise that must be nourished and protected. The preponderance of scientific evidence indicates a natural origin for SARS-CoV-2. Yet, the theory that SARS-CoV-2 was engineered in and escaped from a lab dominates media attention, even in the absence of strong evidence.

A Broad Influenza Vaccine Based on a Heat-Activated, Tissue-Restricted Replication-Competent Herpesvirus.

Vaccination with transiently activated replication-competent controlled herpesviruses (RCCVs) expressing influenza A virus hemagglutinins broadly protects mice against lethal influenza virus challenges. The non-replicating RCCVs can be activated to transiently replicate with high efficiency. Activation involves a brief heat treatment to the epidermal administration site in the presence of a drug.

Cross-sectional study of cognitive impairment and visual impairment among the elderly population in residential care in India: the Hyderabad Ocular Morbidity in Elderly Study (HOMES).

Objective: To report the relationship between visual impairment (VI) and cognitive impairment (CI) among the older population living in residential care homes in Hyderabad, India.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: 41 homes for the aged centres in the Hyderabad region.

Comparison of Two Previously Validated Risk Assessment and Prediction Tool Models in Extended Length of Stay Patients Following total Hip Arthroplasty.

Introduction: Previous studies have attempted to validate the risk assessment and prediction tool (RAPT) in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients. The purpose of this study was to: (1) identify patients who had an extended length of stay (LOS) following THA; and (2) compare the accuracy of 2 previously validated RAPT models.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all primary THA patients from 2014 to 2021 who had a completed RAPT score.

Pairing cellular and synaptic dynamics into building blocks of rhythmic neural circuits. A tutorial.

In this study we focus on two subnetworks common in the circuitry of swim central pattern generators (CPGs) in the sea slugs, and and show that they are independently capable of stably producing emergent network bursting. This observation raises the question of whether the coordination of redundant bursting mechanisms plays a role in the generation of rhythm and its regulation in the given swim CPGs. To address this question, we investigate two pairwise rhythm-generating networks and examine the properties of their fundamental components: cellular and synaptic, which are crucial for proper network assembly and its stable function.

The birth of pediatric urology in the United States: From pioneers to subcertification.

Introduction: Pediatric urology is a subspecialty of urology that emerged from a culture in which children with urological disorders were cared for by general urologists and general pediatric surgeons. The development of pediatric urology as a subspecialty was years in the making, highlighted by individuals who recognized that children with urological conditions were not just "small adults," but required special experience and training. Subspecialization was initiated by persistent visionaries who recognized the need for a trained cadre of experts to provide better care for children.

The economic case for scaling up health research and development: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments directly funded vaccine research and development (R&D), quickly leading to multiple effective vaccines and resulting in enormous health and economic benefits to society. We develop a simple economic model showing this feat could potentially be repeated for other health challenges. Based on inputs from the economic and medical literatures, the model yields estimates of optimal R&D spending on treatments and vaccines for known diseases.

Primary Intraosseous Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Case Report in an Unusual Location.

Spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma is an infrequent subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma according to the World Health Organization Classification of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours, which includes a novel category of intraosseous spindle-cell rhabdomyosarcomas (ISCRMS) with :: or fusions. We report a case of ISCRMS with fusion presenting in the femur mimicking osteosarcoma in this unusual primary location. We present an 18-year-old male with relapsed widely metastatic sarcoma, morphologically identical to osteosarcoma responding poorly to chemotherapy, initially presenting in the distal femur.

Arctos: Community-driven innovations for managing natural and cultural history collections.

More than tools for managing physical and digital objects, museum collection management systems (CMS) serve as platforms for structuring, integrating, and making accessible the rich data embodied by natural history collections. Here we describe Arctos, a scalable community solution for managing and publishing global biological, geological, and cultural collections data for research and education. Specific goals are to: (1) Describe the core features and implementation of Arctos for a broad audience with respect to the biodiversity informatics principles that enable high quality research; (2) Highlight the unique aspects of Arctos; (3) Illustrate Arctos as a model for supporting and enhancing the Digital Extended Specimen concept; and (4) Emphasize the role of the Arctos community for improving data discovery and enabling cross-disciplinary, integrative studies within a sustainable governance model.

Very Broadly Effective Hemagglutinin-Directed Influenza Vaccines with Anti-Herpetic Activity.

A universal vaccine that generally prevents influenza virus infection and/or illness remains elusive. We have been exploring a novel approach to vaccination involving replication-competent controlled herpesviruses (RCCVs) that can be deliberately activated to replicate efficiently but only transiently in an administration site in the skin of a subject. The RCCVs are derived from a virulent wild-type herpesvirus strain that has been engineered to contain a heat shock promoter-based gene switch that controls the expression of, typically, two replication-essential viral genes.

Return to athletics after total knee arthroplasty: a survey study of 784 recreational athletes across 12 sports.

Background: Postoperative return to recreational activity is a common concern among the increasingly active total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patient population, though there is a paucity of research characterizing sport-specific return and function. This study aimed to assess participation level, postoperative return to activity, sport function, and limitations for recreational athletes undergoing TKA.

Methods: A survey of recreational sports participation among primary, elective TKA patients from a single academic center between June 2011 and January 2022 was conducted.

Superior Pain Reduction with Anteromedialization Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy Versus Non-Operative Management for Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of patients with patellofemoral osteoar-thritis (PFOA) treated non-operatively with those treated operatively with an unloading anteromedialization tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO).

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients with isolated PFOA who were either managed non-operatively or surgically with a TTO and who had a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Patients were surveyed with the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (KOOS-JR), Anterior Knee Pain scale (Kujala), and Tegner Activity scale.

Strep A: challenges, opportunities, vaccine-based solutions, and economics.

This collection of articles focuses on Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep A) vaccine research and innovation, with a focus on emerging efforts to understand and estimate the full societal value of Strep A vaccination.

RNA-Seq time-course analysis of neural precursor cell transcriptome in response to herpes simplex Virus-1 infection.

The neurogenic niches within the central nervous system serve as essential reservoirs for neural precursor cells (NPCs), playing a crucial role in neurogenesis. However, these NPCs are particularly vulnerable to infection by the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). In the present study, we investigated the changes in the transcriptome of NPCs in response to HSV-1 infection using bulk RNA-Seq, compared to those of uninfected samples, at different time points post infection and in the presence or absence of antivirals.

Health and Economic Growth: Reconciling the Micro and Macro Evidence.

Economists use micro-based and macro-based approaches to assess the macroeconomic return to population health. The macro-based approach tends to yield estimates that are either negative and close to zero or positive and an order of magnitude larger than the range of estimates derived from the micro-based approach. This presents a micro-macro puzzle regarding the macroeconomic return to health.