Synthetic data & the future of Women's Health: A synergistic relationship.

Objectives: The aim of this perspective is to report the use of synthetic data as a viable method in women's health given the current challenges linked to obtaining life-course data within a short period of time and accessing electronic healthcare data.

Methods: We used a 3-point perspective method to report an overview of data science, common applications, and ethical implications.

Results: There are several ethical challenges linked to using real-world data, consequently, generating synthetic data provides an alternative method to conduct comprehensive research when used effectively.

The NC229 multi-station research consortium on emerging viral diseases of swine: Solving stakeholder problems through innovative science and research.

The NC229 research consortium was created in 1999 in response to the emergence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a viral agent responsible for devastating economic losses to the swine industry. The project follows the traditional "consortium" approach for Multistate Agricultural Research driven through the US State Agricultural Experiment Stations (SAES), wherein stakeholder-driven needs to combat swine infectious diseases are identified and scientific solutions pursued by combining funds from federal, state, commodity groups, and the animal health industry. The NC229 consortium was the main driving force in successfully competing for a USDA multi-station Coordinated Agricultural Project (PRRS CAP-I) in 2004-2008, immediately followed by a renewal for 2010-2014 (PRRS CAP-II)-, resulting in an overall record achievement of almost $10 million dollars.

Mucosal vaccines to prevent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome: a new perspective.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an economically important infectious disease of swine. Constant emergence of variant strains of PRRS virus (PPRSV) and virus-mediated immune evasion followed by viral persistence result in increased incidence and recurrence of PRRS in swine herds. Current live and killed PRRSV vaccines administered by a parenteral route are ineffective in inducing complete protection.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: an update on an emerging and re-emerging viral disease of swine.

Recognized in the late 1980s in North America and Europe the syndrome that caused reproductive and respiratory problems in swine was initially called "mystery swine disease" and is now termed "porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)". In the early 1990 s an arterivirus, referred to as PRRS virus (PRRSV), was determined to be the etiologic agent of this disease. Since then research has progressed substantially.

Characterization of emerging European-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates in the United States.

European-like field isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) have recently emerged in North America. The full-length genomic sequence of an index isolate characterized in 1999, strain EuroPRRSV, served as the reference strain for further studies of the evolution and epidemiology of European-like isolates (type 1) in the United States. Strain EuroPRRSV shared 90.

Peptide domains involved in the localization of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nucleocapsid protein to the nucleolus.

The nucleocapsid (N) protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the principal component of the viral nucleocapsid and localizes to the nucleolus. Peptide sequence analysis of the N protein of several North American isolates identified two potential nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequences located at amino acids 10-13 and 41-42, which were labeled NLS-1 and NLS-2, respectively. Peptides containing NLS-1 or NLS-2 were sufficient to accumulate enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in the nucleus.

Lymphoid tissue tropism of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication during persistent infection of pigs originally exposed to virus in utero.

The ability of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) to establish a persistent infection is the principal contributing factor to the world-wide spread of the disease. Several studies have documented the course of viral infection in postnatally infected pigs; however, very little is known regarding sites of virus replication during persistent infection of pigs exposed to PRRSV in utero. In this study, virus replication and PRRSV-specific antibody were followed for several hundred days in a group of pigs derived from three sows infected at 90 days of gestation with PRRSV isolate VR-2332.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-induced cell death exhibits features consistent with a nontypical form of apoptosis.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), an arterivirus, belongs to a group of RNA viruses that are cytopathic for macrophages and establish persistent infections. Apoptosis is the presumed mechanism of cell death in monkey kidney cell lines and porcine alveolar macrophages after infection with European PRRSV isolates. However, evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies using North American strains have failed to identify apoptosis in cells supporting virus replication and suggest that apoptosis is present in only uninfected bystander cells.