Population structure in diverse pepper (Capsicum spp.) accessions.

Background: Peppers, bell and chile, are a culturally and economically important worldwide. Domesticated Capsicum spp. are distributed globally and represent a complex of valuable genetic resources.

Comparative genome analysis of commensal segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) from turkey and murine hosts reveals distinct metabolic features.

Background: Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are intestinal commensal microorganisms that have been demonstrated to induce the innate and adaptive immune responses in mouse and rat hosts. SFB are Gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria that fail to grow optimally under in vitro conditions due to unique metabolic requirements. Recently, SFB have been implicated in improved health and growth outcomes in commercial turkey flocks.

Methylxanthines as Potential Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2: an In Silico Approach.

Unlabelled: The aim of the present study was to test the binding affinity of methylxanthines (caffeine/theine, methylxanthine, theobromine, theophylline and xanthine) to three potential target proteins namely Spike protein (6LZG), main protease (6LU7) and nucleocapsid protein N-terminal RNA binding domain (6M3M) of SARS-CoV-2. Proteins and ligand were generated using AutoDock 1.5.

Phytocompounds of , , and Inhibit Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Binding to ACE2 Receptor: In Silico Approach.

Unlabelled: COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has been declared as a global pandemic. Traditional medicinal plants have long history to treat viral infections. Our in silico approach suggested that unique phytocompounds such as emodin, thymol and carvacrol, and artemisinin could physically bind SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins (6VXX and 6VYB), SARS-CoV-2 B.

Identification of Quinone Degradation as a Triggering Event for Intense Pulsed Light-Elicited Metabolic Changes in by Metabolomic Fingerprinting.

Intense pulsed light (IPL) is becoming a new technical platform for disinfecting food against pathogenic bacteria. Metabolic changes are deemed to occur in bacteria as either the causes or the consequences of IPL-elicited bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects. However, little is known about the influences of IPL on bacterial metabolome.

Effects of intense pulsed light and gamma irradiation on Bacillus cereus spores in mesquite pod flour.

This study was conducted to evaluate the inactivation of Bacillus cereus spore in mesquite flour with intense pulsed light (IPL) and gamma radiation. The physical, chemical, and toxicity of treated mesquite flour were also investigated. The results showed that up to 3.

Molecular docking studies of phytocompounds of Wall with proteins responsible for antibiotic resistance in bacterial and fungal pathogens: approach to enhance the bio-availability of antibiotics.

Wall. (Himalayan rhubarb) has many pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer and wound healing. The present study was aimed to understand if major phytocompounds of could bind proteins responsible for antibiotic resistance in bacterial and fungal pathogens and enhance the potency of antibiotics.

screening of hundred phytocompounds of ten medicinal plants as potential inhibitors of nucleocapsid phosphoprotein an approach to prevent virus assembly.

Currently, there is no specific treatment to cure COVID-19. Many medicinal plants have antiviral, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, wound healing etc. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to screen for potent inhibitors of N-terminal domain (NTD) of nucleocapsid phosphoprotein of SARS-CoV-2.

Catalytic intense pulse light inactivation of Cronobacter sakazakii and other pathogens in non-fat dry milk and wheat flour.

The outbreaks of Cronobacter sakazakii, Salmonella spp, and Bacillus cereus in powdered foods have been increasing in worldwide. However, an effective method to pasteurize powdered foods before consumption remains lacking. A prototype Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) system was developed to disinfect powdered foods under different IPL and environmental conditions.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae ER membrane protein complex subunit 4 (EMC4) plays a crucial role in eIF2B-mediated translation regulation and survival under stress conditions.

Background: Eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B) initiates and regulates translation initiation in eukaryotes. eIF2B gene mutations cause leukoencephalopathy called vanishing white matter disease (VWM) in humans and slow growth (Slg) and general control derepression (Gcd) phenotypes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Results: To suppress eIF2B mutations, S.

Draft Genome Sequence of " Arthromitus" UMNCA01, a Suspected Commensal Isolated from the Gut Microbiome of Commercial Turkey.

" Arthromitus" UMNCA01 was recovered from ileal samples of commercial turkey poults and may have probiotic capabilities. The complete genome was determined using the Illumina MiSeq and HiSeq sequencing platforms. The complete genome consists of 1,631,326 bp and has a G+C content of 26.

Evaluation of Methods for Inoculating Dry Powder Foods with Salmonella enterica, Enterococcus faecium, or Cronobacter sakazakii.

Salmonella and Cronobacter are two bacteria of concern in powdered food ingredients with low water activity, due to their ability to remain viable for long periods of time. There is great interest in studying the survival of these bacteria in powdered foods, but discrepancies have been reported between broth-grown and lawn-grown bacterial cells and their thermal resistance and desiccation tolerance once inoculated onto powdered foods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate three different powdered food inoculation methods, two broth-grown and one lawn-grown.

Draft Genome Sequence of Halobacillus trueperi SS1, Isolated from Lunsu, a Saltwater Body in the Northwest Himalayas.

We report here the genome sequence of halophilic Halobacillus trueperi SS1, isolated from the Lunsu saltwater body in India. The bacteria are Gram positive and rod shaped. The genome of H.

Draft Genome Sequence of Hyperthermophilic, Halotolerant Parageobacillus toebii PW12, Isolated from the Tattapani Hot Spring, Northwest Himalayas.

Here, we report the genome sequence of hyperthermophilic and halophilic PW12, isolated from the Tattapani hot spring in the northwest Himalayas. The genome size of PW12 is 3,210,377 bp. The G+C content is 42.

Genome-wide genotyping of a novel Mexican Chile Pepper collection illuminates the history of landrace differentiation after L. domestication.

Studies of genetic diversity among phenotypically distinct crop landraces improve our understanding of fruit evolution and genome structure under domestication. Chile peppers ( spp. L.

16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Data Set-Based Bacterial Diversity in a Water-Soil Sample from Pangong Tso Lake, a High-Altitude Grassland Lake of the Northwest Himalayas.

We report here 16S rRNA-based bacterial diversity existing during freezing conditions in a high-altitude Himalayan lake through sequencing a 16S rRNA gene amplicon data set. A total of 121,857 high-quality reads were obtained; 40.78% of the bacterial population was classified to the genus level, while 1.

Segmented Filamentous Bacteria - Metabolism Meets Immunity.

Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are a group of host-adapted, commensal organisms that attach to the ileal epithelium of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. A genetic relative of the genus , these morphologically unique bacteria display a replication and differentiation lifecycle initiated by epithelial tissue binding and filamentation. SFB intimately bind to the surface of absorptive intestinal epithelium without inducing an inflammatory response.

Using genome-scale metabolic models to compare serovars of the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes.

Listeria monocytogenes is a microorganism of great concern for the food industry and the cause of human foodborne disease. Therefore, novel methods of control are needed, and systems biology is one such approach to identify them. Using a combination of computational techniques and laboratory methods, genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) can be created, validated, and used to simulate growth environments and discern metabolic capabilities of microbes of interest, including L.

Vitamin Variation in Capsicum Spp. Provides Opportunities to Improve Nutritional Value of Human Diets.

Chile peppers, native to the Americas, have spread around the world and have been integrated into the diets of many cultures. Much like their heat content, nutritional content can vary dramatically between different pepper types. In this study, a diverse set of chile pepper types were examined for nutrient content.

Predicting Essential Metabolic Genome Content of Niche-Specific Enterobacterial Human Pathogens during Simulation of Host Environments.

Microorganisms have evolved to occupy certain environmental niches, and the metabolic genes essential for growth in these locations are retained in the genomes. Many microorganisms inhabit niches located in the human body, sometimes causing disease, and may retain genes essential for growth in locations such as the bloodstream and urinary tract, or growth during intracellular invasion of the hosts' macrophage cells. Strains of Escherichia coli (E.

Inferring ancient metabolism using ancestral core metabolic models of enterobacteria.

Background: Enterobacteriaceae diversified from an ancestral lineage ~300-500 million years ago (mya) into a wide variety of free-living and host-associated lifestyles. Nutrient availability varies across niches, and evolution of metabolic networks likely played a key role in adaptation.

Results: Here we use a paleo systems biology approach to reconstruct and model metabolic networks of ancestral nodes of the enterobacteria phylogeny to investigate metabolism of ancient microorganisms and evolution of the networks.

Using comparative genomics for inquiry-based learning to dissect virulence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Yersinia pestis.

Genomics and bioinformatics are topics of increasing interest in undergraduate biological science curricula. Many existing exercises focus on gene annotation and analysis of a single genome. In this paper, we present two educational modules designed to enable students to learn and apply fundamental concepts in comparative genomics using examples related to bacterial pathogenesis.

The evolution of metabolic networks of E. coli.

Background: Despite the availability of numerous complete genome sequences from E. coli strains, published genome-scale metabolic models exist only for two commensal E. coli strains.

Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 shedding in cattle by addition of chitosan microparticles to feed.

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC) is a significant human pathogen that resides in healthy cattle. It is thought that a reduction in the prevalence and numbers of EHEC in cattle will reduce the load of EHEC entering the food chain. To this end, an intervention strategy involving the addition of chitosan microparticles (CM) to feed in order to reduce the carriage of this pathogen in cattle was evaluated.

Molybdate treatment and sulfate starvation decrease ATP and DNA levels in Ferroplasma acidarmanu.

Sulfate is a primary source of sulfur for most microbes and in some prokaryotes it is used an electron acceptor. The acidophile Ferroplasma acidarmanus (strain fer1) requires a minimum of 150 mM of a sulfate-containing salt for growth. Sulfate is assimilated by F.