Estimating effects of aging and disease progression in current and former smokers using longitudinal models.

Objectives: To separate estimates of mean change in a health outcome into components of aging and disease progression for different severity groups of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Study Design And Methods: A longitudinal model can be used to estimate mean change in a health outcome over time. Methods to separate this change into portions due to aging and disease progression are discussed, including conditions that allow for accurate estimation.

Deep Learning Classification of Usual Interstitial Pneumonia Predicts Outcomes.

Computed tomography (CT) enables noninvasive diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), but enhanced image analyses are needed to overcome the limitations of visual assessment. Apply multiple instance learning (MIL) to develop an explainable deep learning algorithm for prediction of UIP from CT and validate its performance in independent cohorts. We trained an MIL algorithm using a pooled dataset ( = 2,143) and tested it in three independent populations: data from a prior publication ( = 127), a single-institution clinical cohort ( = 239), and a national registry of patients with pulmonary fibrosis ( = 979).

Quantification of Emphysema Progression at CT Using Simultaneous Volume, Noise, and Bias Lung Density Correction.

Background CT attenuation is affected by lung volume, dosage, and scanner bias, leading to inaccurate emphysema progression measurements in multicenter studies. Purpose To develop and validate a method that simultaneously corrects volume, noise, and interscanner bias for lung density change estimation in emphysema progression at CT in a longitudinal multicenter study. Materials and Methods In this secondary analysis of the prospective Genetic Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPDGene) study, lung function data were obtained from participants who completed baseline and 5-year follow-up visits from January 2008 to August 2017.

Exacerbation of Renal, Cardiovascular, and Respiratory Outcomes Associated with Changes in Climate.

Exposure to environmental variables including declining air quality and increasing temperatures can exert detrimental effects on human health including acute exacerbations of chronic diseases. We aim to investigate the association between these exposures and acute health outcomes in a rural community in Colorado. Meteorological and adult emergency department visit data were retrospectively collected (2013-2017); for asthma outcomes, additional data were available (2003-2017).

Quantitative CT Evaluation of Emphysema Progression over 10 Years in the COPDGene Study.

Background Long-term studies of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can evaluate emphysema progression. Adjustment for differences in equipment and scanning protocols of individual CT examinations have not been studied extensively. Purpose To evaluate emphysema progression in current and former smokers in the COPDGene cohort over three imaging points obtained at 5-year intervals accounting for individual CT parameters.

Signatures of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Impaired Fatty Acid Metabolism in Plasma of Patients with Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC).

Exercise intolerance is a major manifestation of post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection (PASC, or "long-COVID"). Exercise intolerance in PASC is associated with higher arterial blood lactate accumulation and lower fatty acid oxidation rates during graded exercise tests to volitional exertion, suggesting altered metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction. It remains unclear whether the profound disturbances in metabolism that have been identified in plasma from patients suffering from acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are also present in PASC.

Predicting COPD Progression in Current and Former Smokers Using a Joint Model for Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second to Forced Vital Capacity Ratio.

Understanding baseline characteristics that can predict the progression of lung disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for current or former smokers may allow for therapeutic intervention, particularly for individuals at high risk of rapid disease progression or transition from non-COPD to COPD. Classic diagnostic criteria for COPD and disease severity such as the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease document are based on forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV) and FEV to forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio. Modeling changes in these outcomes jointly is beneficial given that they are correlated, and they are both required for specific disease classifications.

Quantitative computed tomography predicts outcomes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background And Objective: Prediction of disease course in patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis remains challenging. The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic value of lung fibrosis extent quantified at computed tomography (CT) using data-driven texture analysis (DTA) in a large cohort of well-characterized patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) enrolled in a national registry.

Methods: This retrospective analysis included participants in the Australian IPF Registry with available CT between 2007 and 2016.

Mental health disorders among ovarian cancer survivors in a population-based cohort.

Background: Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common female cancer in the United States. There have been very few studies investigating mental health diagnoses among ovarian cancer survivors with long-term follow up. The aim of this study is to examine the incidence of mental illness among ovarian cancer survivors compared to a general population cohort.

Improved executive function in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus following interactive digital training.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of a digital platform to assess attentional and executive function in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, and to evaluate the impact of an at-home interactive digital treatment to improve cognitive dysfunction in this clinical population.

Background: Deficits in attention and executive function are common in patients with SLE. Despite these cognitive difficulties, there are limited brief assessment techniques and few treatment options to improve cognitive abilities in patients with SLE.

Emphysema Progression at CT by Deep Learning Predicts Functional Impairment and Mortality: Results from the COPDGene Study.

Background Visual assessment remains the standard for evaluating emphysema at CT; however, it is time consuming, is subjective, requires training, and is affected by variability that may limit sensitivity to longitudinal change. Purpose To evaluate the clinical and imaging significance of increasing emphysema severity as graded by a deep learning algorithm on sequential CT scans in cigarette smokers. Materials and Methods A secondary analysis of the prospective Genetic Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPDGene) study participants was performed and included baseline and 5-year follow-up CT scans from 2007 to 2017.

10-Year Follow-Up of Lung Function, Respiratory Symptoms, and Functional Capacity in the COPDGene Study.

The course of lung function, respiratory symptoms, and functional status over time in people who smoke cigarettes is still incompletely understood. The COPDGene (Genetic Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease [COPD]) study provides a unique cohort to examine these trajectories, and now 10-year follow-up data are available. This study aims to provide insight into the progression of spirometric parameters, respiratory symptoms, and functional capacity over 10 years in current and former cigarette smokers.

Factors Associated with Persistence of Severe Asthma from Late Adolescence to Early Adulthood.

Rationale: Asthma severity in children generally starts mild but may progress and stay severe for unknown reasons.

Objectives: Identify factors in childhood that predict persistence of severe asthma in late adolescence and early adulthood.

Methods: The Childhood Asthma Management Program is the largest and longest asthma trial in 1041 children aged 5-12 years with mild to moderate asthma.

Whole genome sequencing identifies novel genetic mutations in patients with eczema herpeticum.

Background: Eczema herpeticum (EH) is a rare complication of atopic dermatitis (AD) caused by disseminated herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. The role of rare and/or deleterious genetic variants in disease etiology is largely unknown. This study aimed to identify genes that harbor damaging genetic variants associated with HSV infection in AD with a history of recurrent eczema herpeticum (ADEH+).

Fleischner Society Visual Emphysema CT Patterns Help Predict Progression of Emphysema in Current and Former Smokers: Results from the COPDGene Study.

Background The correlation between visual emphysema patterns and subsequent progression of disease may provide a way to enrich a study population for treatment trials of emphysema. Purpose To evaluate the potential relationship between emphysema visual subtypes and progression of emphysema and gas trapping. Materials and Methods Current and former smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) enrolled in the prospective Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) study (ClinicalTrials.

Mental Health Disorders are More Common in Colorectal Cancer Survivors and Associated With Decreased Overall Survival.

Objectives: To determine the risk and risk factors for mental illness among colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors across short-term and long-term follow-up periods.

Methods: We used the Utah Cancer Registry to identify CRC survivors diagnosed between 1997 and 2013. Mental health diagnoses were available in electronic medical records and statewide facilities data that were linked by the Utah Population Database.