Effects of process factors on the performance of electrochemical disinfection for wastewater in a continuous-flow cell reactor.

Although electrochemical disinfection has been shown to be an effective approach to inactivate bacteria in saline water, the effects of process parameters and reactor design for its application in low-salinity water have not been well understood. In this study, factorial experiments were performed to investigate the direct and confounded effects of applied current (5-20 mA), contact time (2.5-20 min), anode surface area (185-370 cm), and chloride concentration (50-400 mg L) on the disinfection efficiency in fresh water and the secondary effluent of municipal wastewater.

Challenges in electrochemical remediation of chlorinated solvents in natural groundwater aquifer settings.

Establishment of electrochemical zones for remediation of dissolved chlorinated solvents in natural settings was studied. An undivided 1D-experimental column set-up was designed for the assessment of the influence of site-extracted contaminated groundwater flowing through a sandy aquifer material, on the execution of laboratory testing. A three-electrode system composed of palladium coated pure iron cathodes and a cast iron anode was operated at 12 mA under varying flow rates.

Experimental Design for One Dimensional Electrolytic Reactive Barrier for Remediation of Munition Constituent in Groundwater.

A combination of direct electrochemical reduction and in-situ alkaline hydrolysis has been proposed to decompose energetic contaminants such as 1,3,5-Trinitroperhydro- 1,3,5-triazine and 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (RDX) in deep aquifers. This process utilizes natural groundwater convection to carry hydroxide produced by an upstream cathode to remove the contaminant at the cathode as well as in the pore water downstream as it migrates toward the anode. Laboratory evaluation incorporated fundamental principles of column design coupled with reactive contaminant modeling including electrokinetics transport.

Lactate Injection by Electric Currents for Bioremediation of Tetrachloroethylene in Clay.

Biological transformation of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in silty clay samples by ionic injection of lactate under electric fields is evaluated. To prepare contaminated samples, a silty clay slurry was mixed with PCE, inoculated with KB-1(®) dechlorinators and was consolidated in a 40 cm long cell. A current density between 5.

Electrokinetic-enhanced bioaugmentation for remediation of chlorinated solvents contaminated clay.

Successful bioremediation of contaminated soils is controlled by the ability to deliver bioremediation additives, such as bacteria and/or nutrients, to the contaminated zone. Because hydraulic advection is not practical for delivery in clays, electrokinetic (EK) injection is an alternative for efficient and uniform delivery of bioremediation additive into low-permeability soil and heterogeneous deposits. EK-enhanced bioaugmentation for remediation of clays contaminated with chlorinated solvents is evaluated.

Electrolytic redox and electrochemical generated alkaline hydrolysis of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5 triazine (RDX) in sand columns.

Sand-packed horizontal flow columns (5 cm i.d. x 65 cm)l were used in laboratory experiments to simulate in situ electrolytic and alkaline hybrid treatment zone for aqueous phase decomposition of RDX.

Electrokinetic remediation of wood preservative contaminated soil containing copper, chromium, and arsenic.

As a result of wood treatment, and the recent banning of the copper, chromium, and arsenic (CCA) treated wood for residential use many CCA treatment facilities have been abandoned or being closed. Soil contamination resulting from CCA is common at these sites. In this study, the feasibility of electrokinetic technique to remove CCA from contaminated soil was investigated.

Electrolytic transformation of ordinance related compounds (ORCs) in groundwater: laboratory mass balance studies.

Electrolytic reactive barriers (e(-) barriers) consist of closely spaced permeable electrodes installed across a groundwater contaminant plume in a permeable reactive barrier format. Application of sufficient potential to the electrodes results in sequential oxidation and reduction of the target contaminant. The objective of this study was to quantify the mass distribution of compounds produced during sequential electrolytic oxidation and reduction of ordinance related compounds (ORCs) in a laboratory analog to an e(-) barrier.

Bench- and field-scale evaluation of chromium and cadmium extraction by electrokinetics.

The results of bench-scale laboratory tests and in situ, pilot-scale demonstration of electrokinetic extraction of chromium and cadmium from contaminated soil are presented. The laboratory tests were conducted using 10 cm long samples under current density of 5A/m(2) for 1200 h. Tests were conducted with and without citric acid amendment at the cathode.