Environmental sustainability in gynecologic oncology.

Climate change is a complex, global issue that is impacting human health in various ways, with healthcare being a significant contributor to carbon emissions in the United States. This review discusses the environmental impact of important aspects of gynecologic oncology care, including surgery, anesthesia care, radiology, chemotherapy, and radiation oncology. Operating room energy and material use is highlighted, with a focus on the environmental impact of robotic surgery.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Stability of Dealkylated Salen-Supported Aluminum Phosphates.

Three salen aluminum bromide compounds salen(Bu)AlBr () (salen = ,'-ethylenebis(3,5-di--butylsalicylideneimine)), salpen(Bu)AlBr () (salpen = ,'-propylenebis(3,5-di--butylsalicylideneimine)), and salophen(Bu)AlBr () (salophen = ,'--phenylenenebis(3,5-di--butylsalicylideneimine) were evaluated for their potential use as dealkylation agents with a series of organophosphates. These reactions led to the aluminum phosphate compounds containing six-coordinate aluminum centers and hydrolytically stable P-O-C bonds: = [salen(Bu)AlOP(O)(OMe)], = [salen(Bu)AlOP(O)(OEt)], = [salen(Bu)AlOP(O)(OPh)], = [salophen(Bu)AlOP(O)(OMe)], = [salpen(Bu)AlOP(O)(OPr)], = (salen(Bu)AlO)PO, = (salpen(Bu)AlO)PO, = (salophen(Bu)AlO)PO. All the compounds were characterized by H, C, Al, and P NMR, IR, and mass spectrometry.

Self-Assembly of a Semiconductive and Photoactive Heterobimetallic Metal-Organic Capsule.

We report the synthesis of a novel metal-organic capsule constructed from six pyrogallol[4]arene macrocycles, which are switched together by 16 Fe and 16 Co ions. This supramolecular structure is the first instance of a spheroidal heterometallic nanocage assembled through a one-step metal-ligand coordination approach. This new assembly also demonstrates an important proof of concept through the formation of multiple heterometallic metal-metal interactions within the capsule framework.

Biomimetic Self-Assembly of Co-Seamed Hexameric Metal-Organic Nanocapsules.

A CoL hexameric metal-organic nanocapsule (MONC) has been prepared and characterized using biomimetic self-assembly as the synthetic methodology. Akin to the biological behavior of zinc-finger proteins' release, uptake, and electrophilic substitution of Zn ions, the assembly of this novel MONC has been accomplished by employing three sequential processes: assembly of the framework, metal ion insertion, and metal exchange, resulting in the formation of the CoL hexameric MONC. In this work, inspired by the biological behavior of metalloproteins, rational control of multiple complex supramolecular self-assembly has been achieved.

Lewis acid-assisted detection of nerve agents in water.

The five-coordinate compound, Salen((t)Bu)Al(Ac), prepared in situ from Salen((t)Bu)AlBr and NH4Ac, forms Lewis acid-base adducts in aqueous solution with the G-type nerve agents, Sarin and Soman, and the VX hydrolysis product, ethylmethylphosphonate (EMPA). The resulting compounds, [Salen((t)Bu)Al(NA)](+)[Ac] (-) (with NA = Sarin, Soman, and EMPA) are sufficiently stable to be identified by ESI-MS. Molecular ion peaks were detected for every compound with little or no fragmentation.

Removal of selenite from water using a synthetic dithiolate: an experimental and quantum chemical investigation.

Combination of the dithiol N,N'-bis(2-mercaptoethyl)isophthalamide, abbreviated as BDTH2 and as 1, with excess H2SeO3 in aqueous acidic (pH ≈ 1) conditions resulted in precipitation of BDT(S-Se-S) (6), with a (77)Se NMR chemical shift of δ = 675 ppm, and oxidized BDT. When the reaction is conducted under basic conditions Se(IV) is reduced to red Se(0) and oxidized 1. No reaction takes place between 1 and selenate (Se(VI)) under acidic or basic conditions.

C6H4S2AsCl: description and interpretation of an incommensurately modulated molecular crystal structure.

Crystals of 2-chloro-benzo-1,3,2-dithiarsole have a strongly modulated structure that can be solved and refined with relative ease in a P(1), Z' = 17 approximate supercell but that is better described as incommensurate. Two conventional refinements (different superstructure approximations that differ in the placement of their crystallographic inversion centers) and a (3 + 1)-dimensional superspace refinement are all nearly equally successful, at least as measured by the usual agreement factors; the data integration, however, shows that the incommensurate description is preferable. The overall packing is determined by the stacking of the aromatic rings and probably by the segregation of As and Cl atoms to give short As.

Removal of mercury from the environment: a quantum-chemical study with the normalized elimination of the small component method.

1,3-Benzenediamidoethanethiolatemercury [BDT-Hg or BD(S)-Hg] and its derivatives are investigated utilizing the Dirac exact relativistic normalized elimination of the small component method in connection with B3LYP, CCSD(T), and polarizable continuum calculations. It is shown that the chelating energy of BDT-Hg can be significantly increased by replacing sulfur with selenium or tellurium, thus leading to BD(Se)-Hg or BD(Te)-Hg. In this particular case, the chalcogenophilicity of mercury increases from S to Te because increasing the E-Hg bond lengths leads to a reduction of ring strain.

Delayed acquisition of neonatal reflexes in newborn primates receiving a thimerosal-containing hepatitis B vaccine: influence of gestational age and birth weight.

This study examined whether acquisition of neonatal reflexes in newborn rhesus macaques was influenced by receipt of a single neonatal dose of hepatitis B vaccine containing the preservative thimerosal (Th). Hepatitis B vaccine containing a weight-adjusted Th dose was administered to male macaques within 24 h of birth (n = 13). Unexposed animals received saline placebo (n = 4) or no injection (n = 3).

WITHDRAWN: Delayed acquisition of neonatal reflexes in newborn primates receiving a thimerosal-containing Hepatitis B vaccine: Influence of gestational age and birth weight.

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Halogen-containing tetrametallic aluminium alkoxides.

New halogen-containing tetrametallic aluminium alkoxides of formula [Al{(mu-OEt)2AlMeCl}3] ( 2-cis; 2-trans), and [Al{(mu-OEt)2AlBr2}3] ( 4), have been synthesized by combining Al(OEt)3 and Me2AlCl (for 2) or EtAlBr2 (for 4). They were fully characterized by (1H, 27Al) NMR, IR, mp, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. The chloride analogue of 4, [Al{(mu-OEt)2AlCl2}3] ( 3), prepared previously using a different route, was also prepared here by combining Al(OEt)3 and EtAlCl2.

The removal of mercury from water by open chain ligands containing multiple sulfurs.

Mercury pollution is a serious challenge faced by environmental chemists over the world. For several years now, our group has been developing new compounds to precipitate and thereby remove mercury from water. In this paper, we present a new family of alkyl thiol mercury chelates to add to the aromatic ligands we have previously reported.

Low-level mercury removal from groundwater using a synthetic chelating ligand.

Mercury is present in many industrial processes at low concentrations and is a cause for concern due to the propensity for mercury to bioaccumulate. As a cumulative toxin, introduction of mercury into the environment at any level has the potential to adversely affect ecologic systems. To date, no commercial precipitants are available that can irreversibly and permanently bind mercury.

Mononuclear Schiff base boron halides: synthesis, characterization, and dealkylation of trimethyl phosphate.

A series of mononuclear boron halides of the type LBX(2) [LH = N-phenyl-3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldimine, X = Cl (2), Br (3)] and LBX [LH2 = N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldimine, X = Cl (7), Br (8); LH2 = N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldimine, X = Cl (9), Br (10); and LH2 = N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldimine, X = Cl (11), Br (12)] were synthesized from their borate precursors LB(OMe)2 (1) (LH = N-phenyl-3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldimine) and LB(OMe) [LH2 = N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldimine (4), N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldimine (5), N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldimine (6)]. The boron halide compounds were air and moisture sensitive, and upon hydrolysis, compound 7 resulted in the oxo-bridged compound 13 that contained two seven-membered boron heterocycles. The boron halide compounds dealkylated trimethyl phosphate in stoichiometric reactions to produce methyl halide and unidentified phosphate materials.

Mercury(II) 2-aminoethanethiolate clusters: intramolecular transformations and mechanisms.

The combination of HgF2 and 2-aminoethanethiol (AET, with some AET.HCl present) yielded a cyclic tetranuclear thiolate, [Hg4Cl4(SCH2CH2NH2)4] (1), with alternating Hg and S atoms. The Cl from the reaction mixture led to the formation of Hg-Cl bonds with no Hg-F in the final product.

Aluminum phosphinate and phosphates of salen ligands.

A new dealkylation reaction between organophosphate esters and Salen aluminum bromide compounds has been used to prepare three new aluminum salen compounds salen((t)Bu)AlOP(O)Ph2 (1) (salen = N,N'-ethylenebis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylideneimine)), [(MeOH)Alsalen((t)Bu)[OMePO2(O)]Alsalen((t)Bu)[OMePO2(O)]Alsalen((t)Bu)]Br (2), and [salpen((t)Bu)AlO]2[(BuO)2PO]2 (3) (salpen = N,N'-propylenebis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylideneimine)). Compounds 1.MeOH, 2, and 3 were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

Solution and solid-state study of heteroleptic Hg(II)-thiolates: crystal structures of [Hg4I4(SCH2CH2NH2)4] and [Hg4I8(SCH2CH2NH3)2]n.nH2O.

Combination of 2-aminoethanethiol hydrochloride and HgI2 in water in the presence of a base yielded a cyclic molecular structure, [Hg4I4(SCH2CH2NH2)4] (1). For the same reaction in the absence of the base, a similar structure with protonated amines was expected; however, polymeric [Hg4I8(SCH2CH2NH3)2]n.nH2O2 was formed instead.

Five-coordinate aluminum bromides: synthesis, structure, cation formation, and cleavage of phosphate ester bonds.

The alkane elimination reaction between Salen((t)Bu)H(2) ligands and diethylaluminum bromide was used to prepare three Salen aluminum bromide compounds salen((t)Bu)AlBr (1) (salen = N,N'-ethylenebis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylideneimine)), salpen((t)Bu)AlBr (2) (salpen = N,N'-propylenebis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylideneimine)), and salophen((t)Bu)AlBr (3) (salophen = N,N'-o-phenylenenebis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylideneimine)). The compounds contain five-coordinate aluminum either in a distorted square pyramidal or a trigonal bipyramidal environment. The bromide group in these compounds could be displaced by triphenylphosphine oxide or triphenyl phosphate to produce the six-coordinate cationic aluminum compounds [salen((t)Bu)Al(Ph(3)PO)(2)]Br (4), [salpen((t)Bu)Al(Ph(3)PO)(2)]Br (5), [salophen((t)Bu)Al(Ph(3)PO)(2)]Br (6), and [salophen((t)Bu)Al[(PhO)(3)PO)](2)]Br (7).

Mercurophilic interaction in novel polynuclear Hg(II)-2-aminoethanethiolates.

The reaction of 2-aminoethanethiol hydrochloride with Hg(2)Cl(2) in water yielded elemental mercury and one-dimensional polynuclear compounds [{Hg(3)Cl(5)(SCH(2)CH(2)NH(3))(3)}Cl](n) and [HgCl(SCH(2)CH(2)NH(2))(H(2)O)(2)](n) (2). The coordination environment around Hg in 1 and 2 is quite variable despite similar reaction conditions. The formation of a five-membered S/N chelate in 2 can be attributed to the use of base to produce a neutral ligand.