Magnetic resonance imaging-based machine learning classification of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis.

Background: Recent advances in multivariate pattern recognition have fostered the search for reliable neuroimaging-based biomarkers in psychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia. These approaches consider the complex pattern of alterations in brain function and structure, overcoming the limitations of traditional univariate methods. To assess the reliability of neuroimaging-based biomarkers and the contribution of study characteristics in distinguishing individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) from healthy controls (HCs), we conducted a systematic review of the studies that used multivariate pattern recognition for this objective.

Static and Dynamic Dysconnectivity in Early Psychosis: Relationship With Symptom Dimensions.

Background And Hypothesis: Altered functional connectivity (FC) has been frequently reported in psychosis. Studying FC and its time-varying patterns in early-stage psychosis allows the investigation of the neural mechanisms of this disorder without the confounding effects of drug treatment or illness-related factors.

Study Design: We employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to explore FC in individuals with early psychosis (EP), who also underwent clinical and neuropsychological assessments.

Diagnostic value of regional homogeneity and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the classification of schizophrenia and bipolar disorders.

Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorders (BD) show significant neurobiological and clinical overlap. In this study, we wanted to identify indexes of intrinsic brain activity that could differentiate these disorders. We compared the diagnostic value of the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) estimated from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in a support vector machine classification of 59 healthy controls (HC), 40 individuals with SCZ, and 43 individuals with BD type I.

Spontaneous Brain Activity Alterations in First-Episode Psychosis: A Meta-analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies.

Background And Hypothesis: Several studies have shown that spontaneous brain activity, including the total and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (LFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo), is altered in psychosis. Nonetheless, neuroimaging results show a high heterogeneity. For this reason, we gathered the extant literature on spontaneous brain activity in first-episode psychosis (FEP), where the effects of long-term treatment and chronic disease are minimal.

Cortical alterations in relatives of patients with bipolar disorder: A review of magnetic resonance imaging studies.

Introduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental disorder characterized by high heritability rates. Widespread brain cortical alterations have been reported in BD patients, mostly involving the frontal, temporal and parietal regions. Importantly, also unaffected relatives of BD patients (BD-RELs) present abnormalities in cortical measures, which are not influenced by disease-related factors, such as medication use and illness duration.