Emergence of pneumococcal 19A empyema in UK children.

Introduction: Invasive pneumococcal disease due to serotype 19A has become a major concern, particularly in the USA and Asia. We describe the characteristics of pneumococcal serotype 19A related empyema and changes in its incidence in the UK.

Methods: Data from paediatric empyema patients between September 2006 and March 2011 were collected from 17 respiratory centres in the UK.

Vitamin D in children with cystic fibrosis.

Purpose: The Cystic Fibrosis Trust in 2007 published a recommended target of 75-150 nmol/L for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD). In 2008 we found that only 10% of pancreatic insufficient (PI) children met this target. An increase in supplementation was implemented and a repeat audit performed in 2010.